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Résumé De manière générale, l'évidence sensorielle et, plus particulièrement, visuelle constitue pour les étudiants le principal fondement du savoir scientifique: nul besoin de supposer pour connaître, tout est donné ou presque. Du point de vue de l'enseignement des sciences, cette croyance à saveur réaliste est particulièrement critique, notamment parce qu'elle conduit à penser que les concepts, lois et théories scientifiques procèdent d'un monde de matérialités plutôt que d'un monde de modèles et de relations. Au cours d'une recherche effectuée auprès d'un groupe-classe de 35 étudiants durant douze semaines, nous avons pu observer que, pour la majorité des étudiants, la compréhension du caractère construit et consensuel du savoir scientifique était facilitée par le développement d'une métaréflexion sur leurs propres productions de connaissance et les inévitables postulats et suppositions qui les fondent. Nous avons également pu observer qu'il découle de cette activité réflexive un modèle de science qui se distingue des modèles initialement tenus par les étudiants, par le pouvoir créateur et, surtout, le pouvoir de théoriser qu'il comporte: postuler, supposer, jauger collectivement de la plausibilité des résultats plutôt qu'en appeler à une instance occulte, voilà quelques-unes des conquêtes théoriques qu'ils ont effectuées et sur lesquelles nous allons nous attarder.
Sensorial, and more specifically, visual evidence is generally regarded by students as the basis for scientific knowledge: no need to postulate to understand, all is almost or practically given. From a science-teaching standpoint, this rather realistic approach is critical and leads to the belief that scientific concepts, laws, and theories stem from a world of materiality rather than from a world of models and relationships. During a 12-week study a group of 35 college students, we observed that for the majority of them, the development of metareflection on how they produce knowledge, with the inevitable and inherent postulates and conjecture, facilitated their understanding of the constructed and consensual character of scientific knowledge. We also observed that this reflexive activity facilitated the development of a new approach to science that differed from those models previously used by the students in its creative potential and, more importantly, in the power of its theoretics: to postulate, suppose, and collectively estimate the plausibility of results rather than calling up occult instances. These and other theoretical achievements will be discussed in this paper.相似文献
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Jacques vauclair Jo?o Batista Araujo Oviveira Guy Neave Abdel Aziz Koussy 《Prospects》1976,6(2):306-309
Notes and Reviews
Some recent Unesco publications 相似文献26.
Marc Corbière Franco Fraccaroli Valenti Mbekou Jacques Perron 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2006,21(1):3-15
Academic self-concept and academic interest are crucial concepts for understanding students’ academic achievement. Yet, few
questionnaires currently exist that have been used and validated in more than one country. This study aimed at assessing these
concepts using an academic self-concept questionnaire (Marsh, 1990) and an academic interest questionnaire (Corbière & Mbekou,
1997) with French and Italian student samples. Confirmatory Factor Analyses enabled us to assess the structure of the two
questionnaires with regard to two academic subjects — Math and First Language (French or Italian) — and to determine the theoretical
directions between the concepts. Results from Confirmatory Factor Analyses of both French and Italian samples supported a
theoretical model in which academic self-concept and academic interest were intercorrelated, yet maintaining their unique
characteristics. On the other hand, results from Multi-Sample Confirmatory Factor Analyses (French and Italian samples) endorsed
a correlational model between the two concepts. Finally, the results indicated a significant and positive correlation between
academic self-concept, academic interest, and academic achievement in both academic subjects. 相似文献
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Jacques Perron Louise St-Onge 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1991,14(2):79-90
This study examined the problem of life-style and career patterns for women. College students (367 males, 332 females) expressed their preferences for one of three career patterns for women combining work and family involvement and also answered a work values questionnaire. Results showed that 70.5% of the subjects expected women to attend school and/or work outside the home first and to have their child(ren) only after they have established themselves in a career. Forecasting of career patterns for women was significantly related to subjects' work values. Results confirmed previous findings and also indicated new trends in work values that differentiate between male and female college students.Université de MontréalUniversité du Québec à Trois-Rivières 相似文献
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This paper examines the nature and significance of the changes introduced in the French university system since the passage of the Orientation Act of Higher Education in 1968. The process of higher education change is conceptualized in terms of a slow and disjointed process in which the political limits of legitimate change have been somewhat expanded through a succession of incremental adjustments. French universities have thus followed certain trends also apparent in other Western European nations; their operation and governance have been democratized, bureaucratized and politicized; their social functions are shifting toward greater vocationalism and professionalism; curriculum issues have tended to overshadow structural problems.The modernization of the French university, however, is by no means a completed task and much remains to be done to adapt its economic and research functions to the needs of a modern, mass, industrial society. In spite of a bleak economic outlook, the university system is most likely to continue its sluggish adaptation primarily as a result of its internal contradictions.Preliminary drafts of this paper were originally presented at the Seminar on European Higher Education, Center for European Studies (CUNY, Graduate School) and the Columbia University Seminar on Higher Education on March 4, 1976 and May 5, 1976, respectively. 相似文献