Interaction between the learners’ initial grasp of the object of learning and the learning resource afforded

Two studies are reported in this paper. The object of learning in both is the economic principle of changes in price as a function of changes in the relative magnitude of changes in demand and supply. The patterns of variation and invariance, defining the conditions compared were built into pedagogical tools (text, graphs, and worksheets). The first study is the latest in a series of studies aiming to test the fundamental conjecture of the Variation Theory of Learning that new meanings are acquired from experiencing differences against a background of sameness, rather than experiencing sameness against a background of differences. The study compares the learning outcomes under conditions consistent with the basic conjecture with the learning outcomes under conditions not consistent with the theory. The results support the conjecture. The second study shows, however, that the conditions that are consistent with the theory cannot be decided unless the learners’ pre-requisites for the task in question are taken into consideration. One set of the pedagogical tools was found to be highly effective for learners with a better initial grasp of the object of learning, while another set was found to be equally effective for learners with a weaker initial grasp of the object of learning. The two sets were equally ineffective when used for the “wrong” group of learners.     

高校体育教学中培养大学生的体育兴趣浅探

要使大学生养成终身体育锻炼的习惯，是一个复杂而艰巨的任务，而对体育学习是否兴趣是终身体育锻炼的关键所在。本文就高校体育教学中如何结合大学生学习体育兴趣的特点，激发学生的体育兴趣来增进学生的体育锻炼，并为终身体育奠定基础提出个人观点，以供同行在开展高校体育教学过程中加以参考和指正．     

环渤海区域知识创新网络问题解析与机制构建研究

本文从开放型区域创新体系和知识创新网络特征分析出发,基于环渤海区域知识创新网络现状分析,指出存在资源配置低效与核心功能缺位等主要问题,围绕问题剖析环渤海区域创新资源的体制割裂;知识创新链、技术创新链、产业链相互脱节;"点对点"线性模式的产学研合作等成因,提出环渤海区域知识创新网络机制与体制建设的目标、关键点与实施路径,进一步针对环渤海区域知识创新网络建设的主要制约因素、实施的关键因素以及推进实施的主要措施进行了政策分析与建议.     

台湾新竹与内湖科技园区发展模式比较研究及经验借鉴——基于区域创新网络视角

基于区域创新网络的视角和分析框架,通过对台湾新竹科学工业园与内湖科技园区发展模式的比较分析,探讨两类科技园区发展模式成功的关键因素和发展过程中的政府-市场作用机制.本文认为创新网络的本地化过程以及开放型区域创新网络的建设是科技园区发展的关键,需要正确处理政府与市场两种力量,调整园区发展定位;提出科技园区的管理需要站在经济一体化区域发展角度规划和布局科技园区、为园区企业提供定制化服务、重视民生因素等措施建议,从而为其他科技园区的规划与建设提供经验借鉴.     

散打运动中的美学特征

从散打运动的悬念美、意志美等方面,对散打运动的美学特征进行了分析。并将散打运动的技战术要求、特点与《孙子兵法》作了初步结合。     

“Why Give Up Something That Works So Well?”: Retirement Expectations Among Academic Physicians

For individuals with strong work identities, the decision to retire can be particularly challenging. For academic physicians, retirement is an important personal decision that also has far-reaching implications for the healthcare system. This is because academic physicians are responsible for producing the research from which key medical decisions are made, for training future healthcare providers, and for providing specialized care for patients. For this study, we conducted focus groups with academic physicians from a large research university in Canada and then performed inductive thematic analyses to examine perceptions and concerns about later life career transitions. This study highlights tensions between professional experiences for the next generation of physicians and individual struggles with personal identity. Findings suggest improvements to institutional programs that support flexible, agentive, and respectful retirement transitions will not only be beneficial but necessary as medical and university systems continue to grapple with issues of balanced recruitment and succession.     

关注高校贫困生:问题、原因与对策

20世纪 90年代中期以来 ,我国高校贫困生人数和比例迅速增长 ,贫困生问题日益突出。这不仅严重影响了贫困生的正常生活、学业 ,而且引发越来越多的家庭和社会问题 ,制约了我国高等教育和基础教育事业的健康发展。本文在对当前我国高校贫困生问题的现状和原因进行深入分析的基础上 ,从政府、高校和社会三个层面提出了切实解决贫困生问题的对策 ,其中政府统筹、政策导向 ,尽快完善贷学金制度是解决问题的根本。     

“六气法”探究

六气法,是养生技术中重要的行气术,是以炼呼为主,配合默念字音,结合脏腑,保健养生,祛除病邪的一种吐纳法。《养性延命录·服气经》与《养性延命录·明医论》中的"六气"法,言语简明,借由疗疾功效与病症之间的对应,可以发现二者之间存在着内在一致性,很有可能《明医论》之"六气"由《服气经》之"六气"发展而来。《养性延命录》《胎息秘要歌诀》《幻真先生服内元气诀》《嵩山太无先生气经》所言"六气法",其主要功能都在于疗病治愈。《四气摄生图》中,"六气法"与四季有着较为明确的对应关系,并将"六气"理法完全确定下来。对"六气法"进行探究,具有文献价值和养生实用价值。     

Informed learning design: teaching and learning through engagement with information

ABSTRACT

While higher education teachers are able to use information in sophisticated ways to learn and communicate within their disciplines, they may not be accustomed to teaching their students to use information creatively and reflectively to support their work in a course. This article introduces informed learning design, a curriculum design model by which teachers specifically enable students to learn course content through intentional engagement with information. Drawing from informed learning pedagogy and the variation theory of learning, the design model outlines an instructional pattern for enabling student awareness of critical aspects and features of the object being studied related to both information use and course content.     

“诗”“歌”中蝴蝶意象研究

蝴蝶是诗词中常见的一种意象,多用来表达自由闲适、爱情新生、美丽感伤等主题。文章探讨古典诗词中的蝴蝶意象,通过对蝴蝶意象的阐释来把握诗人对世界独特的理解,以及特定时代诗歌的某种整体经验。