La construcción individual del sistema de numeración convencional

Resumen

El sistema de numeración posicional de base 10 constituye un objeto cultural, resultado de un largo y dificultoso desarrollo histórico, que se convierte en un objeto de conocimiento a asimilar por el niño. En este artículo se estudia el proceso de reconstrucción individual de este instrumento intelectual, a través de las producciones gráficas espontáneas de 100 niños de edades comprendidas entre los 6 y 10 años, obtenidas en situación de invención de sistemas de notación de cantidades. Las producciones de los niños, cuyas estrategias recuerdan en muchos casos a las empleadas en los sistemas de numeración históricos, describen una génesis. Esta se extiende desde producciones que no contemplan la estabilidad de los grafismos ni la posibilidad de combinarlos, hasta las que recurren al principio del valor posicional, pasando por producciones de tipo aditivo y producciones que intentan, sin conseguirlo, la transposición del sistema de numeración convencional.     

Computadores,comunicación y educación: una colaboración internacional en la intervención e investigación educativa

Resumen

El presente articulo describe y justifica teóricamente una actividad educativa que induye el uso de microcomputadores a través de una comunicación telemática. Esta actividad consiste en la redacción de una revista bilingüe (inglés-español) en la que colaboran niños de diversas culturas. A través de esta actividad se trabajan temas como la «alfabetización informàtica», la composición de textos y los idiomas. Esta intervención educativa viene acompañada de un intercambio de información científica a través de una red académica de comunicaciones telemáticas para el intercambio de información científica. El marco teórico en el que se desarrolla este trabajo se deriva del de la psicología vygotskiana y de alguno de sus desarrollos posteriores.     

Empatía,Role-taking y concepto de ser humano,como factores asociados a la conducta prosocial/altruista

Resumen

Se trata de un estudio realizado con 224 sujetos, de ambos sexos, entre 10 y 12 años, de tres ciudades distintas (Salamanca, Málaga y Donostia). En él se estudia el poder predictor de la empatía, la capacidad de ponerse en el punto de vista de los demás y el concepto de hombre sobre la conducta prosocial altruista. Los resultados demuestran un alto poder predictor de estos factores.     

Approaches and Methodologies for a Course on History and Epistemology of Physics: Analyzing the Experience of a Brazilian University

This paper is an analysis of inserting history and philosophy of science (HPS) in a physics undergraduate program at a Brazilian university. It is an examination of the approaches and methodologies adopted by professors of a History and Epistemology course. The course aims to have an explicit approach to HPS. The results suggest a concern of the Physics Institute regarding inserting these questions into physics teacher training programs. The study also uncovered that the professors who taught the subject had different visions of HPS.     

Voluntary Interdistrict Choice Program: Examining Black Girls’ Experiences at a Predominately White School

The Urban Review - A plethora of research on voluntary school choice programs and the impact on student’s outcomes have been documented. However, lacking are the experiences of students of...     

Primary and secondary teachers’ conceptions about heritage and heritage education: A comparative analysis

This study describes and analyses the conceptions of primary teachers and secondary teachers of Physics–Chemistry, Biology–Geology and Geography–History with respect to the concept of heritage and its teaching and learning, taking the model of teacher-researcher as the theoretical referent. The data collection instrument used was a questionnaire, designed on the basis of categories that in turn were used for the analysis of the resulting data. The results show a high degree of homogeneity in pedagogic content knowledge, in contrast to the heterogeneity of the conceptions with respect to purely content knowledge.     

Actitudes,valores y normas: aprendizaje y desarrollo moral

En este artículo se constata el creciente reconocimiento del campo del desarrollo moral en el marco de la investigación cognitiva, tanto desde la perspectiva psicológica como social. Se relacionan competencias psicosociales, procesos de maduración y procesos de aprendizaje, sugiriéndose pautas para la actuación del profesorado en torno a las actitudes, valores y normas.     

Preparing to transition to secondary education: perceptions of Dutch pupils with migrant backgrounds

Background: The transition from primary school to secondary school is a crucial period of time for children and this may be especially the case for pupils with migrant backgrounds. While there has been considerable research on the transition from primary to secondary school, more needs to be known specifically about the experiences of this group of pupils during their final year of primary school, as they prepare for their transition to secondary school.

Purpose: The study investigated how Dutch children with migrant backgrounds in their final year of primary school perceive the preparatory process for the transition to secondary school. In particular, we were interested in who the children felt were the important ‘actors’ (e.g. pupils, parents, teachers and others) in the preparatory process.

Sample: We collected data from 76 primary school pupils from three schools in an urban city in the Netherlands. The sample included pupils who, according to the Dutch system, were preparing to follow an academic pathway (i.e. the tracks known in this system as ‘HAVO’ or ‘VWO’) and those who were preparing to follow a vocational pathway (i.e. the track known as ‘VMBO’) in secondary education.

Design and methods: We used photo elicitation (N = 76) and also conducted semi-structured interviews with a subsample of the pupils (N = 25) to examine the roles of the important actors in the preparatory process. Data were analysed qualitatively; responses were coded and underwent pattern analysis in order to identify and describe repeating structures in the data. Data were grouped according to whether the pupils received school recommendations for an academic track or a vocational track.

Results: Findings suggested that the pupils perceived the most important actors to be the pupil, the classroom teacher and the parents. Both teachers and parents were considered valuable resources for pupils in the preparatory process. Patterns representing the participants’ perceptions of the roles of three actors – namely, (1) the child, (2) the classroom teacher and (3) the parents, were identified. Six patterns were identified with respect to the child, four with respect to the classroom teacher and two with respect to the parents. For some patterns, it was apparent that the responses of children in the vocational group and the academic group had different emphases.

Conclusions: The study highlights the importance for teachers and parents of children in their final year of primary school to be aware of the pupils’ perceptions of and feelings about their preparation for secondary school, so as to be in the best position to support them collaboratively.