High bar swing performance in novice adults: effects of practice and talent

An individual's a priori talent can affect movement performance during learning. Also, task requirements and motor-perceptual factors are critical to the learning process. This study describes changes in high bar swing performance after a 2-month practice period. Twenty-five novice participants were divided by a priori talent level (spontaneous-talented [ST] and nonspontaneous-talented [NST]) and compared to experienced gymnasts. Additionally, we assessed their perception of their performance level before and after practice. We defined three events independently for hip (H) and shoulder (S) angle joints and for the lag between consecutive events (phases [P]): the smallest angle during downswing (P1H, P1S), the largest angle after P1 (P2H, P2S), and the smaller angle during upswing (P3H, P3S). Movement performance variables were the maximum elevation on the downswing (Pi) and the upswing (Pf), and the total path between both (swing amplitude). Data were collected during pre- and postpractice sessions by two video cameras. At the end of both sessions, participants drew a sketch to represent their perception of their performance level relative to the Pi, Pf and the hip events. Results showed a similar practice effect in the swing amplitude in both novice groups. However the ST group 's performance and perception variables on the downswing improved more than the NST group due to practice. This study suggests that (a) downswing improvements were easier than in the upswing, possibly due to familiarity of the visual reference in combination with proprioceptive feedback; and (b) being ST may involve a better orfaster gain in perception of self-action compared to NST.     

远景分析：互联网时代

8年前,我和我的同事完成了OCLC第一篇会员报告《审视发展环境认清前景趋势》,当时我们的目的是了解正在增长的网络信息消费者的态度和习惯。报告中我们探寻在早期互联网信息环境下的三个主题：自助服务、用户满意度和无缝连接。该报告的研究还是非常肤浅的,但是它引发了大量的讨论,OCLC也出现了对信息消费者的一系列研究。     

30 years after Bayh–Dole: Reassessing academic entrepreneurship

On the 30th anniversary of enactment of the Bayh–Dole Act in the U.S., we consider the rationale for academic entrepreneurship and describe the evolving role of universities in the commercialization of research. We also discuss and appraise the effects of legislative reform in several OECD countries relating to academic entrepreneurship. The article synthesizes papers from the special section and outlines an agenda for additional research on various aspects of academic entrepreneurship in terms of system, university and individual levels. We also consider measurement and methodological issues that must be addressed in additional research.     

California's emergency credential teachers: examining program conditions for sustainability and effectiveness

The Summer Institute for Teacher Education (SITE), a one-year program, emerged in response to a California State University directive to increase the number of credentialed teachers. This article explains the rationale and program approach, describes the participants of the first two cohorts—SITE 1999 and SITE 2000, and uses yearly program evaluations to discuss the program goals and outcomes. It concludes with implications for the preparation of teachers of color and the institutional conditions needed to promote sustainability and teacher effectiveness. Three goals differentiated SITE from the regular program: (1) to create a one-year credential program to increase the yearly number of credentialed elementary teachers, (2) to offer a program for training the growing number of California's emergency credentialed teachers, and (3) to provide the contextual conditions and?culturally responsive curricular content needed for successful sustained service to children, especially those attending high-poverty, low performing urban schools.     

Seeing beyond the local context: the understandings of slavery and the slave trade of students in Reunion Island schools

In the new millennium model of low definition curriculum, teachers have professional latitude to deliver prescribed disciplinary content through a range of pedagogical and assessment orientations. The rhetoric is that with carefully crafted practice, the goal of high quality/high equity learning outcomes can be achieved for all students. This paper is focused on the experiences of teachers and students from one large multicultural, multilingual, low socio-economic status community from Reunion Island, a remote French department in the Indian Ocean. In their history and geography lessons, the topic of study is a contentious one and closely connected to the students’ personal histories, that of slavery in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Using an analytical lens that combines the sociological work of Bernstein and Maton, and utilises ranking questionnaires, this study examines the complexity and tensions inherent in teachers’ choices and the implications for students’ short- and long-term learning outcomes.     

Actividad conjunta y habla: una aproximación al estudio de los mecanismos de influencia educativa

Resumen

El artículo presenta las principales opciones teóricas y metodológicas de un proyecto de investigación cuyo objetivo principal es el estudio de algunos mecanismos de influencia educativa que se manifiestan en, o actúan a través de, la interacción profesor/grupo de alumnos y adulterino. Utilizando como punto de partida el concepto de interactividad, término acuñado para designar las formas de organización de la actividad conjunta en torno al contenido o tarea que están llevando a cabo los participantes, se analizan dos mecanismos de influencia educativa: la cesión y el traspaso progresivos del control y la responsabilidad y la construcción progresiva de sistemas de significados compartidos.