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Class size reduction has been viewed as one school mechanism that can improve student achievement. Nonetheless, the literature has reported mixed findings about class size effects. We used 4th- and 8th-grade data from TIMSS 2003 and 2007 to examine the association between class size and mathematics achievement in public schools in Cyprus. We employ instrumental variables methods, and take advantage of a regression discontinuity design to examine causal effects of class size on mathematics achievement. The results indicate a non-significant relationship between class size and mathematics achievement in 8th grades. However, there is evidence of positive class size effects in 4th grade. The gender gap is significant and favoured males in 4th grade and females in 8th grade. SES indexes such as parental education and items in the home are positively and significantly related to mathematics achievement. Teacher and school variables are not significantly related with mathematics achievement. 相似文献
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Gianluca Vernillo Aldo Savoldelli Andrea Zignoli Spyros Skafidas Alessandro Fornasiero Antonio La Torre 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(19):1998-2005
This study aimed to determine whether the fatigue induced by a mountain ultramarathon (MUM) led to changes in energy cost and kinematic during level and graded running. Pre- and post-race, 14 ultratrail runners ran on a level, uphill (5%) and downhill (5%) treadmill at 10 km · h?1. Kinematic data were acquired using a photocell system. Post-race, the downhill energy cost increased by 13.1% (P < 0.001). No change was noted in level and uphill running. Duty factor and stride frequency were increased, whereas swing time, cycle time and stride length were decreased in all conditions (P < 0.05). Contact time was increased and the rate of force generation was decreased only in the uphill and downhill conditions (P < 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between performance time and the pre- to post-changes in the energy cost of level (r = 0.52, P = 0.04) and uphill running (r = 0.50, P = 0.04). MUM-induced fatigue resulted in physiological and spatiotemporal changes, though the response to fatigue varied considerably between running conditions. These changes resulted in a significant increment only in the downhill energy cost. Incorporating downhill locomotion in the training programmes of ultratrailers may help to improve performance-related physiological and biomechanical parameters. 相似文献
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Nanocourses: a short course format as an educational tool in a biological sciences graduate curriculum 下载免费PDF全文
Traditional courses for graduate students in the biological sciences typically span a semester, are organized around the fundamental concepts of a single discipline, and are aimed at the needs of incoming students. Such courses demand significant time commitment from both faculty and course participants; thus, they are avoided by a subset of the academic science community. Course length and the high barrier to course development are inhibitory to the creation of new courses, especially in emerging areas of biology that may not merit a full-semester approach. Here, we describe the implementation of a new, graduate-level course format, created to allow for rapid development of courses, provide meaningful educational experiences for both junior and senior graduate students and other members of our community, and increase the breadth of faculty involvement in teaching. These courses are greatly abbreviated, and thus termed “nanocourses.” Based on experience from the first three semesters, nanocourses seem to accomplish the initial goals that we set. Importantly, nanocourses engaged students, postdoctoral fellows, faculty, and others, thus providing a new mechanism to educate our community in response to rapid advances in biology. In our view, nanocourses are a useful tool that can supplement graduate-level curricula in varied ways. 相似文献
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Peter A. J. Stevens Panayiota Charalambous Evgenia Mesaritou Spyros Spyrou Lore Van Praag Fanny D’hondt 《British Journal of Educational Studies》2016,64(1):77-95
While research has focused on the role of racism in (re)producing ethnic/racial inequalities in education, there is very little research that investigates how variability in minority students’ responses to racism can be explained. By using an ecological approach to integrate existing research on actors’ responses to racism, this study finds that researchers have generally neglected factors and processes situated at the micro- and meso-levels of analysis. Qualitative interview data with Turkish–Cypriot children enrolled in schools in the predominantly Greek-speaking part of the Republic of Cyprus are used to investigate their strategies in response to racism and the factors that explain the observed variability in their responses. The findings suggest the importance of and interactions between factors situated at different levels of analysis, including the level of organizations and social groups and face-to-face interactions in explaining variability in young people’s responses to racism. 相似文献
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Teachers spend most of their time in school in classrooms, and their instruction and teaching practices may be affected by classroom context such as class size. We examine whether teacher effects interact with classroom context such as class size. Specifically, we seek to determine whether teacher effects are more pronounced in small classes than in regular size classes in early grades. The results point to some evidence that teacher effects are more variable in small classes than in regular size classes. However, the pattern does not seem to be systematic. 相似文献
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Spyros P. Panagopoulos 《Al-Masaq: Islam & the Medieval Mediterranean》2019,31(2):249-250
Retracted Article: Byzantium and the Emergence of Muslim-Turkish Anatolia, ca. 1040-1130 We, the Editors and Publisher of Al-Masāq: Journal of the Medieval Mediterranean, have retracted the following book review: Spyros P. Panagopoulos, ‘Byzantium and the Emergence of Muslim-Turkish Anatolia, ca. 1040-1130’, Al-Masāq: Journal of the Medieval Mediterranean, 31:2, 2019, pp. 249-250, DOI 10.1080/09503110.2019.1614313 Subsequent to publication it has been determined that this book review contains significant overlap with: Nicholas Morton, ‘Alexander D. Beihammer: Byzantium and the emergence of Muslim-Turkish Anatolia, ca. 1040–1130 (Birmingham Byzantine and Ottoman Studies 20)’, Journal of Transcultural Medieval Studies, 5:1, 2018, pp. 167–169, DOI 10.1515/jtms-2018-0008 which was not cited nor otherwise acknowledged. As a result, the Editors of Al-Masāq: Journal of the Medieval Mediterranean and the publishers Taylor & Francis have decided to retract the review from publication. We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The retracted book review will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”. 相似文献
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