私立高等教育与公共政策:私立高等教育在经济现代化过程中的角色

每个国家都把维护其高等教育的利益视为首要的任务 .在一个正在现代化的经济中 ,“充分教育”就如同充分就业一样已经成为实现社会和个人价值的潜在目标。私立高等教育是实现充分教育的一种理想途径 ,它不但为高等教育增加了资源而且拓宽了招生途径。当然 ,私立高等教育也存在许多不足 ,甚至还存在一些质量问题。公共政策应该保护私立高等教育的利益 ,减少其弊端。对实施“充分教育”的私立大学给予法律的保护 ,为其学生提供资助。公共政策的目标是确保公私立高等教育的共同发展     

Predicting SNAP Participation in Older Adults: Do Age Categorizations Matter?

Prior, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) research reveals limited age cohort analyses that may not accurately reflect nuanced age differences in SNAP participation. The purpose of this study was to add depth to older age analysis and SNAP participation via four models of age categorizations. This secondary data analysis used a sample of 10,116 older adults from the 2010 Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and physical factors, logistic regression tested four age categorization models: Third-Age and Fourth-Age groupings; young-old, middle-old, and oldest old groupings; generic decade cohorts; and continuous age. Hypotheses for each model predicted older age as negative to SNAP participation. Significant predictors of SNAP participation included female gender; non-White, non-Hispanic, and Hispanic ethnicities; lower household income; inadequate food budget; and difficulty in self-dressing. Odds ratios confirmed age as a negative factor to SNAP participation. Addition of age categorizations into each model yielded nominal effect size change. Yet, addition of age into the models changed the relationship between control variables and SNAP receipt: gender and Hispanic ethnicity. While age categorizations offered marginal effect predicting SNAP participation, difficulty dressing most strongly predicted increased participation across all models. This finding is relevant, as standard SNAP participation models for younger individuals rely heavily on socioeconomic indicators. Results suggest future research modeling SNAP participation in older individuals that emphasizes physical/medical issues.