Managing presidential records and archives in Tanzania

Presidential archives play a key role in preserving and making all historical materials from presidential administration available in one place, for research purposes and raising public awareness of the burdens of presidential decisions. This article seeks to develop a policy framework for managing presidential records in Tanzania. It employs interviews, focus group discussions and documentary reviews as data collection instruments. The article establishes that management of presidential records, apart from the Founders of the Nation initiative, is not clearly regulated by existing laws and policies. The article, therefore, recommends that the Tanzanian Government pay more attention to preserving presidential records, as they contain useful and sensitive information.     

The effect of pre-exercise carbohydrate feedings on the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of ingesting 75?g of glucose 45?min before the start of a graded exercise test to exhaustion on the determination of the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation (Fat_max). Eleven moderately trained individuals ( V?O_2max: 58.9±1.0?ml?·?kg^?1?·?min^?1; mean±s_x¯ ), who had fasted overnight, performed two graded exercise tests to exhaustion, one 45?min after ingesting a placebo drink and one 45?min after ingesting 75?g of carbohydrate in the form of glucose. The tests started at 95?W and the workload was increased by 35?W every 3?min. Gas exchange measures and heart rate were recorded throughout exercise. Fat oxidation rates were calculated using stoichiometric equations. Blood samples were collected at rest and at the end of each stage of the test. Maximal fat oxidation rates decreased from 0.46±0.06 to 0.33±0.06?g?·?min^?1 when carbohydrate was ingested before the start of exercise (P?<0.01). There was also a decrease in the intensity which elicited maximal fat oxidation (60.1±1.9% vs 52.0±3.4% V?O_2max) after carbohydrate ingestion (P?<0.05). Maximal power output was higher in the carbohydrate than in the placebo trial (346±12 vs 332±12?W) (P?<0.05). In conclusion, the ingestion of 75?g of carbohydrate 45?min before the onset of exercise decreased Fat_max by 14%, while the maximal rate of fat oxidation decreased by 28%.     

Review Essay: Sustainable Scholarship and the Rhetoric of Medicine

The Preface to Confessions of an English Opium‐Eater constitutes a fine example of what Thomas De Quincey called style in its “ministerial” capacity. He achieved the ends of this style in two ways: first, he adopted a strategy of accommodation and challenge, whereby he accepted the reader's viewpoint only to undermine and replace it with another; second, his “licentious” style rehearsed the reader in the activity requisite to understand the difficult, involved text which followed.     

Review Essay: Post-Traumatic Memories around the Globe

The Work of Preaching. By Arthur I. Hqyt. New edition. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1917. Cloth, pp. 389, Price $1.50.

Speech‐making. By R. D. T. Hollister. Ann Arbor, Michigan, George Wahr, 1918. Cloth, pp. 386.

Amateur and Educational Dramatics. By Evelyn Hilliard, Theodora McCormick, and Kate Oglebay. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1917. Cloth, pp. 169. Price $1.00.

The Aesthetics of Motion. By George H. Browne. The Turner Publishing Co., New Ulm, Minn. Pp. 46.

Winning Orations (in Contests of the Inter‐Collegiate Prohibition Association). Edited By Harry S. Warner, Chicago, Inter‐Collegiate Prohibition Association, 1917. Paper, pp. 184. Price 35c.

War Shock. By Eder, M.D. P. Blakiston's Sons &; Co., Philadelphia, 1917 Pp. 152.

Oral English. (The bulletin of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn). Vol. 12, No. 8. October, 1917. Paper, pp. 55.     

Organic Creativity in the Classroom: Teaching to Intuition in Academics and the Arts. Piirto,J. (Ed.). (2013)

A thoughtful overview of Gifted Education, Judy W. Eby Joan F. Smutney White Plains, NY: Longmans, 1990 224 pp.