Switching between science and culture in transpecies transplantation

This article discusses xenotransplantation (XTP: the surgical role of nonhuman tissues, organs, and cells for human transplantation) and examines the way its scientific promoters have defended their technology against potentially damaging public representations. The authors explore the criteria used to legitimate the selection of the pig as the best species from which to "harvest" transplant tissues in the future. The authors' analysis shows that scientists and medical practitioners routinely switch between scientific and cultural repertoires. These repertoires enable such actors to exchange expert identities in scientific discourse for public identities in cultural discourse. These discourses map onto similarities and differences between animal donors and human hosts. Finally, the case is used to comment on a number of related approaches where the dynamics of medical and scientific authority are discussed.     

集团企业财务预算管理体系研究

本文首先概述了预算管理的基本概念和预算管理的类型,然后对集团企业财务预算管理现状以及加强财务预算管理的现实意义进行了分析,最后本文对集团企业财务预算管理体系的构建进行了研究。     

双语教学理念与模式的历史性启迪——兼评《双语教学论》

随着英语教学改革的深入和双语教学的开展,关于英语教学与双语教学整体规划教学体系的构建便被提到了教育改革的日程上来。本文对通过对《双语教学论》一书的评论,并通过对于英语教学与双语教学整体规划的教学新理念和模式的探讨,讨论了英语教学与双语教学整体规划的必要性与可行性,提出英语教学与双语教学整体规划的新理念与模式教学体系的构思与实施设想,并对有关问题进行初步探讨。     

Attachment over time

Continuity in attachment classification from infancy to late adolescence was examined and related to autobiographical memories of childhood, divorce, and maladjustment. Eighty-four White middle-class children (48 girls) were seen in a modified Strange Situation at 12 months and given the Adult Attachment Interview at 18 years. In addition, data were collected on 13-year-olds' childhood recollections as well as adolescent, mother, and teacher ratings of maladjustment at 13 and 18 years of age. Divorce status of parents also was obtained. Results indicated no continuity in attachment classification from 1 to 18 years of age and no relation between infant attachment status and adolescent maladjustment. Divorce was related to 13-year-olds' childhood recollections as well as to insecure attachment status at 18 years. Eighteen-year-olds with insecure attachment classification were more likely to rate themselves as maladjusted. The results support the idea of attachment as an evolving representation dependent upon the nature of the family environment as indexed by divorce.     

苏联高等学校的教学原则

苏联高等学校教育学的任务在于:为了适应社会主义国家的要求在考虑科学、技术最新成就的基础上制定出高等学校里教学与教育工作的最有效的方法、方式和手段。高等学校教研室的教学与教学法工作是建立在各门课程的一定教学规律性的基础上,建立在高等学校的教学、教育原则的基础上的。高等学校的教师应该是本行科学知识领域里的专家,同时应该也是清楚了解高等学校教育学里的统一教学原则和善于运用这些原则的人。     

准确定位 直面西部 在优质教育服务中发展和提升

我国经济社会特别是基础教育课程改革和未来基础教育的发展,对师范教育不断提出新的要求。为了主动适应和引领基础教育改革,不断提高教师教育水平,我校在继续发挥优势、努力适应西部基础教育需要的基础上,积极探索教育人才培养的新思路、新模式,不断深化教师教育课程改革,有效整合和优化教育资源,构建了适应和引领基础教育发展的教师教育新体系,在优质教育服务中加快学校发展和提升。     

Access to postsecondary education through sign language interpreting

Despite the importance of sign language interpreting for many deaf students, there is surprisingly little research concerning its effectiveness in the classroom. The limited research in this area is reviewed, and a new study is presented that included 23 interpreters, 105 deaf students, and 22 hearing students. Students saw two interpreted university-level lectures, each preceded by a test of prior content knowledge and followed by a post-lecture assessment of learning. A variety of demographic and qualitative data also were collected. Variables of primary interest included the effects of a match or mismatch between student interpreting preferences (interpreting vs. transliteration) and the actual mode of interpreting, student-interpreter familiarity, and interpreter experience. Results clarify previous contradictory findings concerning the importance of student interpreting preferences and extend earlier studies indicating that deaf students acquire less than hearing peers from interpreted college-level lectures. Issues relating to access and success in integrated academic settings are discussed as they relate to relations among student characteristics, interpreter characteristics, and educational settings.     

浅论中职数学教学中学生学习力的提高

学习力是最可贵的生命力、最活跃的创造力、最本质的竞争力。在课堂教学中,教师应给予积极的支持和必要的引导,更新教学手段和手法,激发学生主动学习和探究的欲望,进而转化为创造性学习的内在动力,让学生掌握主动获取知识的方法,学会创造性地学习。     

手语中的同义词

在手语中,有些具有不同形式的手语词具有相同的意义,成为手语中 的同义词。在同一组同义词中,某个或某些手语词可能是由另一个手语词演 变而来,也可以有不同的来源。具有相同意义的手语词,其使用条件也可以 有所不同。手语中的同义词丰富了手语的词汇系统,同时也增加了手语运用 的复杂性。