Correlates of parental differential treatment: parental and contextual factors during middle childhood

The current study examined whether parental and contextual risk factors contribute to mothers' and fathers' differential treatment (MDT/FDT) when accounting for sibling dyad characteristics. Also explored was whether family type (single mothers vs. 2 parents) moderated the links between the parental and contextual correlates and MDT. One hundred and seventy-two families with older (M= 7.4 years) and younger (M= 5.2 years) siblings were studied. Parents and children reported about the parent-child relationship, and parents reported about the children's characteristics, their own psychological resources, and contextual factors. Controlling for sibling dyad characteristics, FDT was predicted most consistently by household chaos. Furthermore, single mothers were not at risk per se for using more MDT but only when coupled with high maternal anger.     

发展高职院校高等性 履行高职教育新使命

在新的时代背景下,高职院校应重视发展"高等性",有效履行时代赋予的新使命。作为高等教育机构,高职院校具有学术组织属性,应努力培育以学术自治、学术自由为内核的大学文化,大学文化是高职"高等性"的集中体现。发展高职"高等性",培育大学文化的关键是推动院校治理现代化,构建符合高职教育使命要求与发展内涵的现代院校治理结构。     

Children's probability intuitions: understanding the expected value of complex gambles

Two experiments used Information Integration Theory to study how children judge expected value of complex gambles in which alternative outcomes have different prizes. Six-year-olds, 9-year-olds and adults (N = 73 in Study 1, N = 28 in Study 2) saw chance games that involved shaking a marble in a bicolored tube. One prize was won if the marble stopped on blue, another if it stopped on yellow. Children judged how happy a puppet playing the game would be, with the prizes and probability of the blue and yellow outcomes varied factorially. Three main results appeared in both studies: First, participants in all age groups used the normatively prescribed multiplication rule for integrating probability and value of each individual outcome--a striking finding because multiplicative reasoning does not usually appear before 8 years of age in other domains. Second, all age groups based judgment of overall expected value meaningfully on both alternative outcomes, but there were individual differences--many participants deviated from the normative addition rule, showing risk seeking and risk averse patterns of judgment similar to the risk attitudes often found with adults. Third, even the youngest children took probability to be an abstract rather than physical property of the game. Overall, in contrast to the traditional view, the present results demonstrate functional understanding of probability and expected value in children as young as 5 or 6. These results contribute to the growing evidence on children's intuitive reasoning competence. This intuition can, on the one hand, support surprisingly precocious performance in young children, but it may also contribute to the biases evident in adults' judgment and decision.     

Gesture as a window on children's beginning understanding of false belief

Given that gestures may provide access to transitions in cognitive development, preschoolers' performance on standard tasks was compared with their performance on a new gesture false belief task. Experiment 1 confirmed that children (N=45, M age=54 months) responded consistently on two gesture tasks and that there is dramatic improvement on both the gesture false belief task and a standard task from ages 3 to 5. In 2 subsequent experiments focusing on children in transition with respect to understanding false beliefs (Ns=34 and 70, M age=48 months), there was a significant advantage of gesture over standard and novel verbal-response tasks. Iconic gesture may facilitate reasoning about opaque mental states in children who are rapidly developing concepts of mind.     

惊险时刻

星期天,我做完作业,便去A博士家玩。最近,A博士研制出一种“时光机器”,能让人回到过去,也能让人走进未来。真幸运,A博士今天正好在家休息。我扑进博士的怀里,甜甜地问:“A博士,您能操纵‘时光机器’,把我送到侏罗纪吗?”A博士高兴地说:“能啊!我发明这个‘时光机器’,就是要让你们这些小朋友了解几亿年前发生的事情。”半小时过去,已是万事俱备,只欠东风了。我带着A博士发明的“颠三倒四液”、“防身剂”、“昏迷十五分”和“时代手机”登上了“时光机器板”。不一会儿,我便到了侏罗纪。A博士把我送到了一棵很隐蔽的大树后面。哎呀,糟了…     

连云港市"十一五"宏观经济预测模型研究

选取连云港市1990-2003年期间主要经济指标作为样本数据，通过建立计量经济联立方程模型．利用EVIEWS3．1的二阶段最小二乘法对方程进行回归和检验，对“十一五”期间连云港市主要经济指标进行了预测分析，据此，提出政策建议：（1）加快工业化进程，优化产业结构；（2）千方百计扩大投资规模；（3）增强消费者信心，进一步刺激消费；（4）统筹城乡发展，增加农民收入；（5）进一步壮大港口经济；（6）大力发展非公有经济。     

大学生跨年级创新创业团队组建探析

为丰富大学生课余生活的多样性、促进大学生创新创业的积极性,组建跨年级创新创业团队,培养大学生勇于创新和敢于创业的热情与实践能力.在专业教师指导下,吸引具有共同兴趣、目标的相同或不同专业、不同年级大学生,组建具有“传、帮、带”特点的跨年级梯度团队,团结协作、自主完成具有创新性的实践内容或创业项目.通过校企合作、产学研结合以及制定激励政策、开放实验室、实践基地等多种形式构建创新创业实践平台,提供大学生创新创业的资金、空间.让大学生创新具有深入性,创业具有持续性.     

书写你的生命

假设有人给了你一枝笔,一枝密封的、纯色的水笔,里面有多少墨水你看不到,很可能刚刚试写几字便用干耗尽;也可能足以完成一部或几部杰作,永存于世,使世事为之大变。而这一切你在动笔之前却是一无所知。根据游戏的规则,你确实水远也不会知道,只能冒一下险。而事实上,也没有     

书写自己的生命华章

假如有人给你一支笔,一支密封的、纯色的水笔,里面有多少墨水你无法看到,很可能刚刚试着写几个字就能用干,也可能足够写一部或几部皇皇巨著,流传千古,使世事为之而改变。而这一切你在动笔之前无法知晓。