《论语》在词汇学上的重大贡献

<论语>在中国乃至世界政治、伦理思想、文化、教育、文学上,都具有重大价值和深远影响,同时它在汉语言学分支中的词汇学上,也具有重大的贡献.<论语>是语录体,能比较客观地反映中国上古口语用词和一般词汇的特点.对<论语>词汇的深入研究可以促进汉语词汇研究的深入,可以使上古词汇在<论语>成书阶段的面貌、特点更为清楚鲜明.     

茅盾研究学者(部分)简介

为了向国内外从事和关心茅盾研究的读者介绍我国及国外的茅盾研究学者的简历,本刊约请了部分中国和日本的茅盾研究学会会员提供了自己的简历,现发表出来。今后还将介绍其他的茅盾研究学者。     

元人关于文学本体问题的思考

元代文论家从哲学高度对文学本体论进行了深入的探讨，形成了文学本于“理”和本于“气”两种文学本体论，这成为考察元代文学思潮不可回避的一个既复杂又重要的问题。元人对这一问题的探讨，也深化了对这一文学基本问题的认识，在元代，文学“气”本论占据了主导地位，而且形成了理论体系，这一理论体系在中国文论史上具有较高的理论价值。     

“兔子数列”与奇妙的黄金比

首先，让我们来看一个以“兔子繁殖”为背景的问题，数学家把它称为“兔子问题”，内容如下：“有人想知道一年内一对兔子可繁殖成多少对，便筑了一道围墙将一对兔子关在里面．已知一对兔子每一个月可以生一对小兔，而一对小兔生下后的第二个月就又开始生小兔．假如一年内兔子没有死亡，一对兔子一年内可繁殖成几对?”     

穿透《幽暗之宅》的《八月之光》--试论《八月之光》标题之涵义

福克纳的小说《八月之光》之标题反映了作者的怀旧情绪和对宁静生活的向往。“八月之光”这一人性之光折射出了人类古老久远的美德，象征着人淳朴、善良、美好的本性和爱与被爱的渴望。它既体现了福克纳深受其影响的基督教义，更闪耀着超越基督文明的人文主义光辉。它代表了福克纳所推崇的宁静恬淡的生活本质，也表明了一种乐观积极的生活态度。小说题目由最初的《幽暗之宅》到《八月之光》的这一变化，表明了福克纳在创作中思想的发展和主题的升华。《八月之光》这一标题传达了作者对于美好人性的永恒信念，凸现了小说超越时空的意义和魅力。     

The development of the ability to recognize the meaning of iconic signs

Early developmental psychologists viewed iconic representation as cognitively less complex than other forms of symbolic thought. It is therefore surprising that iconic signs are not acquired more easily than arbitrary signs by young language learners. One explanation is that children younger than 3 years have difficulty interpreting iconicity. The current study assessed hearing children's ability to interpret the meaning of iconic signs. Sixty-six 2.5- to 5-year-olds who had no previous exposure to signs were required to match iconic signs to pictures of referents. Whereas few of the 2.5-year-olds recognized the meaning of the iconic signs consistently, more than half of the 3.0-year-olds and most of 3.5-year-olds performed above chance. Thus, the ability to recognize the meaning of iconic signs gradually develops during the preschool years. Implications of these findings for sign language development, receptive signed vocabulary tests, and the development of the ability to interpret iconic symbols are discussed.     

Beyond words: the importance of gesture to researchers and learners

Gesture has privileged access to information that children know but do not say. As such, it can serve as an additional window to the mind of the developing child, one that researchers are only beginning to acknowledge. Gesture might, however, do more than merely reflect understanding-it may be involved in the process of cognitive change itself. This question will guide research on gesture as we enter the new millennium. Gesture might contribute to change through two mechanisms which are not mutually exclusive: (1) indirectly, by communicating unspoken aspects of the learner's cognitive state to potential agents of change (parents, teachers, siblings, friends); and (2) directly, by offering the learner a simpler way to express and explore ideas that may be difficult to think through in a verbal format, thus easing the learner's cognitive burden. As a result, the next decade may well offer evidence of gesture's dual potential as an illuminating tool for researchers and as a facilitator of cognitive growth for learners themselves.     

心路历程--流逝的岁月

Old age gives us the privilege to explore, to innovate, to challenge.Dear Friends,This is our twelfth monthly column and the first-year anniversary of our conversation together in the pages of Overseas English. We call this a milestone in English. Is there a Chinese word for it?I would like to begin our column with one of my own poems.     

心理学视野中的青少年暴力行为研究

青少年时期是生理心理发育的关键时期，也是心理冲突和情绪、行为问题的高发阶段，暴力行为便是其中较为突出的问题之一。暴力行为是青少年对生活事件的一种应激方式，也是对父母不良监控方式和冷淡亲子关系的一种不合理反应，它易受不良同伴关系的影响。对待青少年暴力行为，一方面必须正确认识它，分清偶然性行为和经常性行为，另一方面必须采取积极的预防和干预措施，如丰富青少年的文化生活，转移和缓解各种暴力行为的力量来源；营造良好的教育环境，创建和谐健康的家庭、社会环境。     

英国《化学习题精选》(一)

《化学习题精选》是英国中学化学教师为学生提供复习和提高作业质量而编的。它的特点有:1.围绕题目编成一系列短小的问题。这些问题系按照英国现用的教材结构编写的;由浅入深,由易到难,逐步引导学生的学习兴趣;可在课内外用作讨论或练习之用。2.作者将各小题划分为三种类型:(1)知识性(以K表示),理解性(以C表示)及综合性(以H表示)。每小题都注明评分标准,用以了解学生的知识水平和分析问题、解决问题的能力。本书共有一百题,我们根据我国中学化学教学大纲的内容选译部分习题,供教师们参考、选用。选译习题中也略有超我国教材水平的,可作因材施教之用。习题的后面,附有用数字回答问题的答案。