系统科学与技术社会的未来

20世纪下半叶兴起的系统科学,以及由电子计算机技术、信息技术和通信技术所提供的可能性,为许多领域带来了巨大的希望,对社会的未来具有十分重大的意义。那么,现代科学技术的新浪潮和冲击,是否意味着我们所处的技术—工业(或技术)社会会发生质变呢?S·史丹博斯所著《系统科学与技术社会的未来》回答了这个问题。     

尼尔斯·玻尔的教诲

一位五十年代曾在哥本哈根逗留过一年,与尼尔斯·玻尔曾经接触和交谈过的苏联科学家说,“在我的内心里有件事使我永远不能忘怀,那就是对玻尔这个人完全彻底的钦佩。”热情而通情达理,对原子结构理论有深入的洞察力,玻尔在人们的记忆中是一位伟大的科学家,他不仅对人类了解物质的本质作出了重大贡献,而且他作为许多青年科学家的导师、帮助者、明友和批评者,起了独特的作用。     

Kaleidoscoping public understanding of science on hygiene, health and plague: a survey in the aftermath of a plague epidemic in India

In September 1994 a plague epidemic hit a number of cities in India. Though the spread of the disease was controlled within a short period of about one month, its influences on various channels of information, on the functioning of government departments (especially health and sanitation), on the scientific community and on people's scientific information level were remarkable. This paper analyzes the responses of 1127 individuals interviewed in December 1994. The data indicates high levels of informedness about health, hygiene and plague, with little reference to extra-scientific explanations of the causes of the epidemic. Respondents expressed a high degree of confidence in the modern system of medicine. From this analysis we also infer that the public could not be described as 'superstitious', 'unscientific' or 'unhygienic': only when denied access to information and civic amenities did they show extra-scientific thinking or 'unhygienic' behaviour.     

科学技术指标与社会经济发展

一、导言经济学家早已认识到技术变化对长期经济发展,对生产率增长,对生活水平的普遍提高的重要性。尽管有关该主题的文章已不少,但由于它的复杂性和过分强调理论工作面相对忽略对科学技术的经验性计量,技术变化仍然是个“黑匣子”,更不用说计量其对增长与发展的贡献了。虽然社会经济指标方面的工作已进行了二十余年。但科学技术(S&T)指标既没有包括在发展指标中,也没有被很好地结合起来考虑。巴斯特(Baster)等人已指出,指标的系统化有两种途径。理想的途径是,可以从一个范围较     

蒙古文整词输入法重码词智能化选择输出方法与技术研究进展

在国家自然科学基金的资助下，“蒙古文整词输入法重码词智能化选择输出方法与技术”研究项目取得了很大进展。     

我国网络数字资源分布和共享状况研究

我国网络数字资源已经形成一定的规模，且发展速度很快，但在地域、时间、行业分布方面极不平衡，东西部地区差距和行业差距大、时效性弱、特色资源少。这种状况在一定程度上影响和决定了资源共享的效率、水平和质量。     

A black technician and blue babies

In this paper, I discuss the many contributions of a versatile black technician, Vivien Thomas, to surgical animal research between 1930 and 1979 at Vanderbilt University and Johns Hopkins University. Thomas' experimental work led to a surgical solution for a life-threatening heart defect, called tetralogy of Fallot. Children with this condition lack sufficient oxygenation and were referred to as 'blue babies'. Following Thomas' research trajectory and his relationship with surgeon Dr Alfred Blalock, I review the conditions under which differing expectations towards race and occupation clashed, creating a status dilemma for Thomas. While the torsion originated in the laboratory where technical skills are valued, the research locale also facilitated a temporary, fragile solution for the status dilemma, because it separated Thomas from public view. Yet, Thomas' dexterity as a laboratory researcher enhanced his dilemma, because credit kept eluding him. In order to track the dynamics of race and occupational subordination as lived experience in the laboratory, I argue for an analysis of the process of crediting people for their scientific accomplishments.     

完善教育选择功能 促进弱势阶层子女的上升流动

当前教育领域出现的基础教育“贵族化”、高考录取的“城市化倾向”等,制约了教育选择功能的发挥,阻碍了弱势阶层子女的上升流动。要解决这些问题,关键在于实现公共教育资源分配的公平．加大对弱势阶层子女的教育补偿,积极推进高等教育大众化。     

以绩效评估提高运行效率

目前上海47个在建的开放实训中心、特别是已建成的33个开放实训中心,按照“边建设、边运营、边开放”的原则,绝大多数都已取得良好的社会效益,成为名副其实的“上海中职新名片”。但放眼全国,由于管理体制、运行机制不完善,部分开放实训中心或多或少存在着这样或那样的问题。如个别实训中心极力“贪大求全”,成为学校“面子工程”“形象工程”,成了领导和来宾“到此一游”的演示“景点”;     

送你三根葱

家人说.你这种人最适合到菜市场买菜。我问为什么,她说.多到菜市场看看绿色对你的眼睛有好处。我觉得这种说法比蔬菜还新鲜。游走于菜市场十余载.买菜我并不专业。在东头靠近出口的一个摊位.我匆匆买了就走。菜市场的路面又脏