计算机科学与生物学

生物系统的复杂性是众所周知的,计算机科学在建立试图解释这种复杂性的模型中起着重要的作用。尽管最初形式上的生物模型在计算机问世之前就已提出,但计算机处理大量数据的能力允许接触新信息,而开发复杂模型则为建立检验多重相互作用的模型开辟了道路。作者在本文中力图揭示生物学与计算机科学的某些相互作用类型,并用各种领域的实例加以说明。     

夏威夷职业指导概况

夏威夷是美国的属地,位于太平洋之中,荒地极众,全区只有百分之八、五是开垦之土,完全是一个以农为业的地方,人口稀薄。据一九三○年所统计,全区人口为三十六万八千三百三十六人,大多从事于甘蔗菠萝的种植,人种计有白种人,菲律宾人,婆多利咖人(Porto Rica)本土人,中国人和日本人,雄居各处,过着一种安闲的生活。谈到职业指导的问题,在夏威夷尚     

过度训练—是生理性还是心理性问题?

芬兰著名运动员PAVVO NURMI曾经出现对训练感到厌倦的情况,从偶而一过性直到对消耗性训练方法本身感到厌倦。至少从那时起,医生们就认识到运动员在训练中的某些时候可能会出现“疲惫”状态。一个人对紧张反应具有一定的适应能力,当这一能力被超过的时候,不良反应就会接仲而来,从而导致疾病、受伤或运动能力低下。运动     

思想政治工作中的情感教育

情感教育是一种易于实施，易于为人所接受的教育方式。这种方式对于开辟思想政治工作多样化的途径．进一步加强和改进思想政治工作，具有极其特殊的功效．     

中国生产者服务贸易的国际竞争力分析——基于技术含量视角的分析

在新型的国际分工背景下,生产者服务贸易的发展引人注目,生产者服务贸易的竞争力也成为了国际竞争力的指标之一。本文从技术含量视角出发,并结合传统的TC指数、RCA指数对中国生产者服务贸易的竞争力做多层次的分析, 研究发现中国生产者服务贸易竞争力非常弱,十年来几乎没有提升趋势,技术含量低是其竞争力差的主要原因,因此,我国应该重视生产者服务贸易“质”的发展,优化生产者服务贸易技术结构,提升生产者服务贸易的竞争力。     

周恩来在遵义会议中的贡献

1935年1月15日至17日召开的遵义会议,结束了王明"左"倾错误在中央的统治。遵义会议在危急关头挽救了党挽救了红军,是中国共产党历史上生死攸关的转折点,是党从幼稚走向成熟的标志。周恩来在遵义会议中的贡献主要表现为组织完成了遵义会议召开的准备工作、遵义会议召开中的自我批评反省及支持选举毛泽东为中央政治局常委、遵义会议召开后从大局出发维护毛泽东同志的领导地位。     

题目：一种支持产品平台设计的多准则模块划分方法

目的：研究多准则约束下的产品模块划分方法,为企业建立稳健的模块化产品平台奠定基础。方法：采用改进的多目标进化算法对建立的多准则模块划分数学模型求解,并采用模糊集合评价机制进行最优解的寻取,得到基于多准则模块划分方法的产品模块划分结果。结论：通过改进的多目标进化算法求解多准则模块划分模型,能够得到有效支持产品平台设计的产品模块划分方案。通过与已有优化方法的比较验证了本文提出的多准则模块划分方法的优越性。     

Red pigment production by Penicillium purpurogenum GH2 is influenced by pH and temperature

The combined effects of pH and temperature on red pigment production and fungal morphology were evaluated in a submerged culture of Penicillium purpurogenum GH2, using Czapek-Dox media with d-xylose as a carbon source. An experimental design with a factorial fix was used: three pH values (5, 7, and 9) and two temperature levels (24 and 34 °C) were evaluated. The highest production of red pigment (2.46 g/L) was reached with a pH value of 5 and a temperature of 24 °C. Biomass and red pigment production were not directly associated. This study demonstrates that P. purpurogenum GH2 produces a pigment of potential interest to the food industry. It also shows the feasibility of producing and obtaining natural water-soluble pigments for potential use in food industries. A strong combined effect (p<0.05) of pH and temperature was associated with maximal red pigment production (2.46 g/L).     

Characterization of (68)Zn uptake, translocation, and accumulation into developing grains and young leaves of high Zn-density rice genotype

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for humans, but Zn deficiency has become serious as equally as iron (Fe) and vitamin A deficiencies nowadays. Selection and breeding of high Zn-density crops is a suitable, cost-effective, and sustainable way to improve human health. However, the mechanism of high Zn density in rice grain is not fully understood, especially how Zn transports from soil to grains. Hydroponics experiments were carried out to compare Zn uptake and distribution in two different Zn-density rice genotypes using stable isotope technique. At seedling stage, IR68144 showed higher ⁶⁸Zn uptake and transport rate to the shoot for the short-term, but no significant difference was observed in both genotypes for the long-term. Zn in xylem sap of IR68144 was consistently higher, and IR68144 exhibited higher Zn absorption ratio than IR64 at sufficient (2.0 μmol/L) or surplus (8.0 μmol/L) Zn supply level. IR64 and IR68144 showed similar patterns of ⁶⁸Zn accumulation in new leaves at seedling stage and in developing grains at ripening stage, whereas ⁶⁸Zn in new leaves and grains of IR68144 was consistently higher. These results suggested that a rapid root-to-shoot translocation and enhanced xylem loading capacity may be the crucial processes for high Zn density in rice grains.     

A Comprehensive Analysis of High School Genetics Standards: Are States Keeping Pace with Modern Genetics?

Science education in the United States will increasingly be driven by testing and accountability requirements, such as those mandated by the No Child Left Behind Act, which rely heavily on learning outcomes, or "standards," that are currently developed on a state-by-state basis. Those standards, in turn, drive curriculum and instruction. Given the importance of standards to teaching and learning, we investigated the quality of life sciences/biology standards with respect to genetics for all 50 states and the District of Columbia, using core concepts developed by the American Society of Human Genetics as normative benchmarks. Our results indicate that the states' genetics standards, in general, are poor, with more than 85% of the states receiving overall scores of Inadequate. In particular, the standards in virtually every state have failed to keep pace with changes in the discipline as it has become genomic in scope, omitting concepts related to genetic complexity, the importance of environment to phenotypic variation, differential gene expression, and the differences between inherited and somatic genetic disease. Clearer, more comprehensive genetics standards are likely to benefit genetics instruction and learning, help prepare future genetics researchers, and contribute to the genetic literacy of the U.S. citizenry.