基于本体的简帛医药知识组织研究

［目的/意义］ 中医药是中华文化的传承,对现代医学发展具有重要作用,应受到高度重视。利用数字技术组织中医古籍,对其进行保护与重用具有重要意义。［方法/过程］ 以简帛医药文献为研究对象,分别构建简帛医药书目本体和内容本体,并通过书目本体和内容本体的连接形成简帛医药文献本体模型;利用命名实体识别模型抽取实体概念,利用依存句法分析和规则的方法抽取实体关系,最终将简帛医药文献数据存入图数据库,实现简帛医药文献知识图谱可视化与检索查询结果呈现。［结果/结论］ 利用本体和知识图谱,提出简帛医药知识组织方法,建立具有逻辑关系的简帛医药知识链,形成中医药领域知识的语义网络,在中医古籍的智能化方面做出有益的探索,有助于中药知识的普及与传承。     

Advances in the phylogenesis of Agaricales and its higher ranks and strategies for establishing phylogenetic hypotheses

We present an overview of previous research results on the molecular phylogenetic analyses in Agaricales and its higher ranks (Agaricomycetes/Agaricomycotina/Basidiomycota) along with the most recent treatments of taxonomic systems in these taxa. Establishing phylogenetic hypotheses using DNA sequences, from which an understanding of the natural evolutionary relationships amongst clades may be derived, requires a robust dataset. It has been recognized that single-gene phylogenies may not truly represent organismal phylogenies, but the concordant phylogenetic genealogies from multiple-gene datasets can resolve this problem. The genes commonly used in mushroom phylogenetic research are summarized.     

融媒时代电视新闻评论节目的创新——以《中国舆论场》为例

在当前的媒介融合背景下,以电视媒介为单一传播方式的电视新闻评论节目逐渐呈现出被边缘化的态势. 中央电视台根据媒体融合的时代要求,打破传统采编业务流程,对电视新闻评论节目的类型和生产流程进行了重新定位与调整,推出了首档融媒体节目《中国舆论场》.节目以融媒时代传播内容与渠道的新变化为基础,充分运用互联网思维,注重用户体验,是融媒时代电视新闻评论节目的一次大胆尝试.     

一道二元函数最值题的解法探究与思考

2019年清华大学自主招生笔试第11题形式新颖,内涵丰富,引起了笔者深入的探究和思考.一、试题简析题目实数x、y满足x^2+(y-2)^2≤1,求x+√3y/√x^2+y^2的最大值和最小值.本题是一道含约束条件的二元函数最值问题,题目以解析几何中的圆和函数为背景,考查数形结合、分类整合、转化与化归等数学思想,同时考査学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,具有很好的选拔功能.本题的成功解决要求学生具有一定的思维深度和广度,难点在于如何根据条件合理转化,将二元函数问题转化为一元函数问题.     

“共生”视域下女大学生宿舍人际关系的处理

宿舍是女大学生生活、学习的一个重要共生体,在这个共生群体中,和谐的人际关系有助于提高智慧互激水平,有助于这个群体中每个人的成长发展。通过问卷形式调查了女大学生宿舍这个共生结构的人际关系状况,从学生个体、宿舍环境、学生管理等方面分析其影响因素,并提出构建和谐宿舍共生关系的对策：学生个人应理性认知,加强自我调适;宿舍应健全管理机制,引领和谐寝室文化建设;学校方面应优化育人环境,提升学生社交商。     

中文书目数据库——中国图书馆自动化、网络化的基础

说明建立中文书目数据库是中国图书馆自动化、网络化和资源共享的基础，是为图书馆进入“信息高速公路”做积极的准备工作；比较完全自行建库、引进建库和合作建库三种建库方式的长短处；探讨目前中文书目数据库建设中应注意的问题及对策。     

普希金南方流放时期的创作

皇村中学毕业后,普希金不得不到政府做事。他进了外交部。在流放前的这一整个时期,供职对普希金来说完全是形式,根本没引起他的兴趣。 在闭塞的严格的皇村中学生活之后,普希金渴望了解生活的各个方面。他所遇到的一切事情都引起他莫大的兴趣。因此,毕业最初的作品充满了肯定生活的欢乐,激荡着青春热情,如这个时期的《酒神的胜利》。     

The influence of support and stress on maternal attitudes

OBJECTIVES: This study examines an expanded version of Belsky's (1984) multi-dimensional process model of parenting to determine whether changes in stress and support influence maternal attitudes during the first year of a child's life. METHOD: Data were collected from mothers of newborns eligible for Hawaii's Healthy Start program who had been randomly assigned to home visitation (n=108) or control (n=104) status. Multiple regression analyses were used to test hypotheses regarding the influence of change in contextual sources of support and stress on parenting attitudes as measured by the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI) Abuse Scale. A post hoc analysis of variance was conducted to explore interactions among the predictor variables and home visitation. RESULTS: Stress in the form of change in public assistance status led to more punitive parenting attitudes while increased support from the partner and from close associates emerged as significant predictors of less punitive parental attitudes. The exploratory analyses suggest that home visitation may moderate the impacts of stress and support on maternal attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: In line with Belsky's (1984) process model of parenting, increased stress adversely impacted maternal attitudes regarding physical punishment while increased support exerted favorable effects. The results also support further elaboration of Belsky's model including the expansion of marital support to include unmarried partners and the need to consider the impact of formal support sources on parenting.     

Developmental links of very early phonological and language skills to second grade reading outcomes: strong to accuracy but only minor to fluency

The authors examined second grade reading accuracy and fluency and their associations via letter knowledge to phonological and language predictors assessed at 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 years in children in the Jyv?skyl? Longitudinal Study of Dyslexia. Structural equation modeling showed that a developmentally highly stable factor (early phonological and language processing [EPLP]) behind key dyslexia predictors (i.e., phonological awareness, short-term memory, rapid naming, vocabulary, and pseudoword repetition) could already be identified at 3.5 years. EPLP was significantly associated with reading and spelling accuracy and by age with letter knowledge. However, EPLP had only a minor link with reading fluency, which was additionally explained by early letter knowledge. The results show that reading accuracy is well predicted by early phonological and language skills. Variation in fluent reading skills is not well explained by early skills, suggesting factors other than phonological core skills. Future research is suggested to explore the factors behind the development of fast and accurate decoding skills.     

为大学毕业生开设的速成本科护理课程与传统护理课程学生成绩的比较

由于技术进步,经济波动,护理短缺,护理患者所需知识的增加,人们对新的护理教育模式更感兴趣。目前美国各地许多护理院校已采取了各种不同模式的学士后护理教育,大致有三种新的模式:对非护理学院毕业生的护理学士学位课程,普通硕土学位课程和护理博士学位课程。作者对新旧两种护理学士学位课程的学生进行了比较,发现新模式培养的学生在护理成绩和注册护士考试通过率方面明显高于传统模式教育的学生。