优化教学过程 提高教学质量

在数学教育逐步由"应试教育"向"素质教育"转轨的过程中,摆在我们教师面前一项紧迫而艰巨的任务是:更新观念,开拓创新,大面积提高教学质量。以下是笔者的几点做法。一、根据教材的不同内容采用多种教法,激发学生的学习兴趣当前,在初中数学教学中,由于教师往往只注重讲解,于是"满堂灌"成了初中数学教学的常态,师生互动很少,形成"教"与"学"两方面的不协调,这种现象直接影响了数学教学质量的提高。而在整个数学教学过程中,学生主要表现出课内不专心听讲,课外不做作业,不复习功课。这种现象的直接后果是不少学生因为"不听、不做"而"听不懂、不会做",从而形成积重难返的局面。     

轮钟花属的恢复及其花粉和种皮证据

光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察表明,金钱豹属(广义)花粉明显分为两个类型:Campanumoea inflata和C.javanica subsp.laponica的花粉5～8沟,外壁具相对密的短刺,刺高不过1μm,而C.lancifolia,C.celebica和C.parviflora的花粉3孔沟,外壁刺稀疏,高于2μm。种子表面纹饰也同样可分为  两类,前两个种一类,其种子表面网状,网眼规则而多角形,直径大于网脊宽度,网脊上的次级纹饰为念  珠状,而后三种为一类,其种子表面网眼不规则,直径与网脊宽度近相等,网脊上的次级纹饰绳索状。可  见花粉特征与种皮性状是高度相关的。后三个种所属的分类群就是被归并了的属Cyclocodon Griffith。  综合花粉、种皮及外部形态,这个属应予恢复。其近缘属应是Platycodon,而不是Campanumoea。     

传统建筑色彩美学在现代建筑设计中的运用

从传统建筑色彩的起源、发展历程入手,总结中国传统建筑的设色规律.并进一步总结传统建筑色彩反映的深刻的文化理念,包括与五行学说的联系,以及封建等级思想对色彩美学发展的影响.最后,试着探讨传统建筑色彩美学在现代建筑设计中的应用方式,并举例加以论证.     

中国特色社会主义道路是中国发展进步的必由之路

中国特色社会主义道路,是中国共产党带领中国人民在马克思主义理论的指导下,经过艰辛探索的必然结果,是引领中国走向富强民主文明和谐的伟大道路。其特色表现在经济上以经济建设为中心,坚持解放和发展社会生产力、坚持公有制为主体,多种所有制经济共同发展、建设社会主义市场经济体制和实现共同富裕的整体目标;在政治上表现为坚持人民民主专政、坚持人民代表大会制度、坚持中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度以及形成了中国特色政治发展道路的制度框架;在文化上表现为坚持马克思主义的指导地位、建设社会主义核心价值体系和坚持文化创新。     

从“升学教育”到为振兴农村经济服务——山西省临猗县教育工作考察报告之一

1986年硕果累累的金秋时节,精明干练的山西省临猗县县委书记曾中厚在北京向出席全国基础教育先进县经验交流会的代表们,汇报了他们县把发展教育和发展经济联系起来,使教育事业为振兴农村经济服务的经验,博得了代表们的阵阵掌声。国务院副总理兼国家教委主任李鹏高度评价了这个县的工作。最近,我们专程进行了采访。临猗县位于晋南盆地,西邻黄河,东靠运城。全县人口四十四万,耕地一百六十万亩,盛产小麦和棉花,小麦的产量居山西省各县之冠。     

社会主义精神文明建设之主客体及其辩证关系

在社会主义两个文明建设中，正确认识精神文明建设的主客体及其相互关系，对于提高精神文明建设的质量与水平，推动社会主义的全面发展，具有重要的意义。     

芍药属的研究(1)——国产几个野生种核型的报道

In the present paper 8 species with 15 populations of the genus Paeonia L. (if P. papaveracea and P. japonica are recognised as species) were collected from Sichuan, Shaanxi and Hebei provinces (see the Appendix for detail of the materials).  The micrographs of their somatic metaphase (also Mii in the case of P.veitchii) are shown in Plates 1-4, the karyo- type formulae, ranges of chromosome length and classification of karyotypes according to Steb- bins (1971) are shown in Table 5: the idiograms in Figs. 1-2, and the parameters of chromo- somes in Table 1-4.  The essential points are mentioned as follows:        (1)   Chromosomes of the various species in the section Modan have so far been examined and they are all diploid, the two species in the section Onaepia are also diploid, and thus tetraploids exist only in the section Paeonia.        (2)  Chromosomes in the genus Paeonia are relatively stable except for the differentiation of ploidy.  The karyotypes (Table 1-4) show no differences among different taxa in Sect. Modan and the same can also be said about the taxa in Sect. Paeonia (Table 1).  Not only are the karyotypes very similar, but also among the members within  either section have the same parameters of chromosomes, and, differences, if occur, are not statistically significant. Between the two sections, however, the situation is different. The arm ratios of the first pairs of chromosomes in Sect. Modan are 1.53, 1.52 and 1.48 (Table 1), but those in Sect. Paeonia are 1.12-1.28 (Table 2-4), 95% confidence limits are 1.46-1.60 for the section Modan and 1.07-1.28 (1.21-1.35 only for PB85078) for the section Paeonia, not overlapping, which indi- cates that the two sections have differentiated in respect of the first pairs of chromosomes.        (3)The population PB85024, which belongs to the P. obovata complex, has a karyotype of 2B (stebbins, 1971), which is a new one in the genus Paeonia. This karyotype is a stable one, for several individuals in the population are uniform in this respect, which shows that Steb- bins’ (1971) generalization that all the species in Paeonia have 2A does not hold true.        (4)  Three populations of P. obovata complex studied in this work from Sichuan and Shaanxi are all tetraploids, and one from Hebei is a diploid.  From the present work and the previcus reports, the materials from Japan and Korea, no matter whether flowers are pink or white, are diploids, those from Heilongjiang Province (with both pink and white flowers) (Liu Ming-yuan, personal communication) and from Heibei Province (with pink flowers) in China are also diploids, the one from Sakhalin (pink flowers) is tetraploid, those from Priamur of the Soviet Union are a tetraploid (with white flowers) and a diploid (with pink flowers), and those from Shaanxi (the Qinling Range) and western Sichuan (with both pink and white flowers) are all tetraploids.  As far as we have now known, ploidy in this parti- cular complex is correlated with the geographical distribution: diploids are found in the cen- tral part, tetraploids occur in the northern limits, and in the south  letraploids are the only cytotype.      (5)  The materials of P. mairei from western Sichuan and Shaanxi (the Qinling Range) are found all to be tetraploids, which shows that two cytotypes, diploid and tetraploid, exist in this  species,  but the geographical distribution pattern of these two cytotypes is to be revealed in the future investigation.     

民族贫困地区教师综合素质培训策略初探

“国运兴衰，系于教育，教育振兴，全民有责”。随着知识经济时代的到来，“科教兴国”逐渐内化为各级领导干部及广大民众的自觉意识与行为。教师是教育的核心要素，实施素质教育的关键是全面提高教师的综合素质，民族贫困地区中小学教师素质偏低的现状已成为制约民族贫困地区教育振兴、经济发展和社会进步的最大“瓶颈”。针对民族贫困地区中小学教师素质现状，积极探索培训策略，对民族贫困地区深化教育改革、全面实施素质教育具有重大意义。 培训内容的拓展——立足于综合素质的提高 根据民族贫困地区中小学教师队伍素质现状，在培训内容…     

古典诗词教学策略探析

传统的古典诗词教学使得学生学习兴趣不高,学习被动,效率低下;对传统文化感悟少,文化积累更少,也缺乏基本的审美和想象能力,难以感受古典诗词的魅力,更领略不到中国传统文化的博大精神.古典诗词教学应利用音乐、故事、多媒体等来激发学生学习兴趣,提高学习效率,为语文教学和素质教育的发展创造条件.