Children's experiences of fun and enjoyment during a season of sport education

This paper reports on a 16-week sport education (SE) unit with just over 70 year 5 students (M age = 10.04 years) in one United Kingdom school during the spring and summer terms and discusses students' SE experiences. Student interviews were conducted throughout the season and a questionnaire on different motivation aspects was administered prior to and before completing the SE season. We report and examine the data in relation to hypothesized influences on fun and enjoyment, including being part of a team, autonomy, and improving game play. The principal reasons SE may be more enjoyable than previous physical education lessons include the greater opportunities for autonomy, affiliation, and competition, plus perceived learning.     

Relationships among values, achievement orientations, and attitudes in youth sport

This research examines the value-expressive function of attitudes and achievement goal theory in predicting moral attitudes. In Study 1, the Youth Sport Values Questionnaire (YSVQ; Lee, Whitehead, & Balchin, 2000) was modified to measure moral, competence, and status values. In Study 2, structural equation modeling on data from 549 competitors (317 males, 232 females) aged 12-15 years showed that moral and competence values predicted prosocial attitudes, whereas moral (negatively) and status values (positively) predicted antisocial attitudes. Competence and status values predicted task and ego orientation, respectively, and task and ego orientation partially mediated the effect of competence values on prosocial attitudes and of status values on antisocial attitudes, respectively. The role of sport values is discussed, and new research directions are proposed.     

菲尔普斯：故事讲不完

美国游泳神童菲尔普斯征北京奥运会创造了前无古人的八金神话,并且以14枚金牌成为奥运历史上夺得金牌最多的运动员,撇开菲尔普斯游泳池内的无限辉煌不谈,赛场之外的美国飞鱼又是怎样一番景象呢？     

Do achievement goals mediate stereotype threat?: an investigation on females' soccer performance

This research investigated stereotype threat effects on women's performance in sports and examined the mediation of this effect by achievement goals. The influence of two stereotypes-relative to the poor athletic ability and the poor technical soccer ability of women-were studied. Fifty-one female soccer players were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, introducing the task as diagnostic of athletic ability, technical soccer ability, or sports psychology. Next, they filled out a questionnaire measuring achievement goals and performed a soccer dribbling task. Results showed that compared with the control condition, females' performance significantly decreased in the athletic ability condition and tended to decrease in the technical soccer ability condition. Moreover, participants endorsed a performance-avoidance (relative to performance-approach) goal when the stereotypes were activated. However, this goal endorsement was not related to performance. The implications of these results for understanding the role of stereotypes in gender inequalities in sports are discussed.     

假如易建联没去密尔沃基

根据半个多月以来、全方面的问卷调查统计,针对＂如果给你一台多啦A梦的时间穿梭机,你最想回到什么时候？＂这一问题,得到的回答是：75 6%的学生想要回到童年的纯真时代;81.9%的已婚男性想要回到结婚之前的无烦恼时光;100%的成年女性想回到年轻20岁的少女时光;33.7%的无疾病老人安于现状,表示不想回到任何时间段;作为和我一起刚刚步入社会的上班族来说,最想时光倒流回到大学的浪漫时光。但是我想对于＂太空易＂来说,他最希望能回到2007年6月30日——2007年NBA选秀大会。     

运动员组织性应激研究的源起与现状

组织性应激是指与个体工作所在的组织直接并且主要相关的环境需要同个体之间的一个持续相互作用的过程。由于运动员工作环境的特殊性,因此提出组织性应激的概念可以更加有效地理解运动员应激。运动员组织应激源主要包括5个类别:体育本身固有因素,运动员在体育组织机构中的角色,体育运动项目中人与人之间关系和交流的需要,运动员竞技生涯和成绩发展问题,体育运动项目的组织结构和氛围。未来的研究应该注意进入组织内部测量,完善相关的研究方法,以及建立一体化的理论模型等方面。     

清末京师同文馆的第一位俄语教师

近年来,在学术界对於中俄关系史的研究不断增多,但是对於两国文化交流的研究还十分不足。本文讲述了清末北京的第一位俄语教师阿．弗．波波夫在外语学校“同文馆”的工作情况,以及他对於中国的记录。     

Ball launch conditions for skilled golfers using drivers of different lengths in an indoor testing facility

The displacement of the golf ball struck by a driving club is affected by several player characteristics and equipment parameters and their interrelationships. Some modelling and simulation studies have shown a relationship between shaft length and clubhead speed, supported by a few experimental studies. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between driver length and ball launch conditions in an indoor test facility using a ball launch monitor. Nine males considered to be skilled golfers participated in the study. Four driving clubs of total length 117, 119, 124, and 132 cm were assembled from commercially available components and were used to strike golf shots while initial ball velocity, backspin rate, and launch angles were measured. Statistical analysis identified a significant difference in initial launch speed due to club length, a significant difference between participants, but no difference between the trials for a given golfer. A positive trend was noted between backspin and launch angle for all four clubs, and significant inverse associations between initial launch speed and backspin rate and launch angle. However, the combined launch conditions associated with increasing length were not considered optimal, with uncontrolled swingweight and moment of inertia effects considered to be limiting factors.     

The effect of submaximal exercise on recovery hemodynamics and thermoregulation in men and women

Five women and 5 men were studied to examine the effects of submaximal exercise on thermoregulatory and hemodynamic variables during recovery in two environments: (a) control (C), 22 degrees C, 33% rh; and (b) hot humid (H), 32 degrees C. The participants exercised on a cycle ergometer at 60% of peak oxygen consumption for 35 min prior to 90 min of seated recovery. Sessions were identical, except for environment. Variables evaluated (p < .05) were: core temperature (TR), mean skin temperature (Ts), sweat rate (SR), heart rate (HR), stroke index (SI), cardiac index (CI), forearm blood flow (FBF), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Men and women exhibited similar patterns of TR, Ts, and SR in both environments. Ts and SR (collapsed means for gender) were higher in the H than in the C. DBP was higher in men than in women throughout recovery in both environments. With combined means for gender, HR was higher in the H than in the C. CI, SI, FBF, and SBP were similar in both environments and returned to baseline within 15 min into recovery. These data suggest that heat dissipation during extended recovery was accomplished with similar contributions of cutaneous vasodilation and sweating in M and F. Furthermore, the moderate exercise level did not influence hemodynamics beyond 15 min of recovery in either environment.