Public health practitioners' information access and use patterns in the Maryland (USA) public health departments of Anne Arundel and Wicomico Counties

PURPOSE: To increase understanding of the information needs and use of public health practitioners. SETTING: From June 2005 to May 2006, the library offered a course in public health information resources to eighteen practitioners in two counties, access to the library's licensed electronic resources through a tailored web portal, and consulting services. EVALUATION METHOD: We combined usage statistics from the web portal, self-report and observational data collected during training and shadowing of participants. CONCLUSIONS: The data from this project indicate that usage of licensed information resources and services is infrequent but broad ranging. A few users register at the high end of the usage range, but one use of one high quality article can have a significant impact on policy decisions. Time and competing responsibilities often constrain the retrieval and use of resources for evidence-based decision making and an informationist or power-user model may be more appropriate than training all practitioners to integrate searching into their workflow. This study indicates (i) that evidence-based public health practice requires seamless and broadly based information access; and (ii) that the currently existing patchwork does not support the level of use or take into account the time constraints of information needs for public health practice.     

Strategies in assessing the need for updating evidence-based guidelines for six clinical topics: an exploration of two search methodologies

BACKGROUND: Because of the expense of updating practice guidelines, recent attention has focused on approaches that can reliably assess any updating required. Shekelle et al. (Journal of the American Medical Association 2001, 286, 1461-7) proposed using limited literature searches with expert involvement to reduce resources used in assessing whether a guideline needs updating. OBJECTIVES: This study compared Shekelle's method and the traditional systematic review method regarding comprehensiveness and effort. METHODS: Two research teams translated critical key questions on screening test treatments and outcomes to Medical Subjects Headings (MeSH) and search strategies. They refined Shekelle's method over three iterations, seeking greater efficiency. Using both methods independently, teams assessed the need to update six topics from the 1996 Guide to Clinical Preventive Services (US Preventive Services Task Force). Outcomes included completeness of study identification, importance of missed studies and effort involved. RESULTS: The revised review approach produced fewer citations than the traditional approach and saved time, identifying fewer eligible studies than the traditional approach. None of the studies missed was rated important by the experts consulted. CONCLUSIONS: The revised review approach provides an acceptable method for judging whether a guideline requires updating. Librarians were an integral part of the research process that streamlined the searches.     

夺目之剑——1990年以来的地面防空作战

自二战结束后的半个世纪以来,美军建设一直以在中欧平原地带对抗共产党国家大规模地面和空中力量为目标。许多人士认为,这支军事力量同样可用于在其他地区对抗另一些较低程度的威胁,即美军既然有能力实施与主要对手之间的大规模战争并取得胜利,那么它同样能够与小规模敌军交战并获胜。但是美军在朝鲜战争（1950—1955年）和越南战争（1965—1972年）中的经历使上述构想成为无稽之谈,美军在这两场战争中充其量也仅仅是取得了好坏参半的战果。一些人士甚至坚持认为,美军在越南战争中既付出了沉重代价,又未能取得有利战果。     

Relations among positive parenting, children's effortful control, and externalizing problems: a three-wave longitudinal study

In a 3-wave longitudinal study (with assessments 2 years apart) involving 186 early adolescents (M ages of approximately 9.3, 11.4, and 13.4), the hypothesis that parental warmth/positive expressivity predicts children's effortful control (EC) (a temperamental characteristic contributing to emotion regulation) 2 years later, which in turn predicts low levels of externalizing problems another 2 years later, was examined. The hypothesis that children's EC predicts parenting over time was also examined. Parents were observed interacting with their children; parents and teachers reported children's EC and externalizing problems; and children's persistence was assessed behaviorally. Children's EC mediated the relation between positive parenting and low levels of externalizing problems (whereas there was no evidence that children's EC predicted parenting).     

论教学活动中教师心理状态的自我调节特点

本文探讨的是高情绪化和低情绪化教师心理自我调节的特点问题.通过抽样调查和分析获得了具有不同程度情绪化的教师心理自我调节风格特征的准确差异.     

开放学习、开放网络北大核心CSSCI

随着大规模公开在线课程(简称"慕课")的发展和普及,在线开放学习进入了主流。然而,虽然人们对公开在线课程的兴趣比以往任何时候都要强烈,但是慕课仅是构建开放学习大环境的第一步。本文根据笔者2017年3月9日在锡拉丘兹纽约州立大学所做的报告整理而成。文章阐述影响未来开放学习的几个重要创新事件:分布式社交网络、云基础设施和虚拟化、沉浸式现实以及个人学习环境。文章还讨论了这种正在发展中的模式会给学习提供者和教育机构带来哪些挑战并提出应对这些挑战的政策和措施。     

TVET资金来源多样化-UNESCO-UNEVOC虚拟会议报告(一)北大核心

2017年1月16-22日,UNESCO-UNEVOC在其TVET论坛上组织召开了主题为“TVET资金来源多样化”的网络虚拟会议,吸引了来自81个国家的219名参会者。会议为参会者提供了针对技能发展融资问题经验、工具和最佳实践案例分享的机会。     

为了什么而吵架？

~~为了什么而吵架?@John H.Payne @张梦华     

大学英语教学中教学设计的应用

现阶段,在一系列的创新改革下,大学英语教育取得了一些显著成效,但在某些方面还是存在一些缺陷和不足,这些缺陷和不足有碍于大学英语教育的提升。本文从大学英语教学实际出发,深刻探究了当下大学英语教学课堂存在的一些问题,并应用教学设计进行针对性的解决,展现了教学设计在大学英语教学实践中的重要作用。