Anthropometric profiles of elite older triathletes in the Ironman Brazil compared with those of young Portuguese triathletes and older Brazilians

The objective of this study was to describe the anthropometric profiles of elite older triathletes participating in the 2009 Ironman Brazil and to compare their somatotype, anthropometric and body composition characteristics with those of elite young triathletes and older non-athletes. The sample consisted of 64 males, divided into three groups: (1) older triathletes (n = 17), (2) young triathletes (n = 24), and (3) older non-athletes (n = 23). Somatotype was analysed according to the Carter and Heath ( 1990 ) method. Body mass index, sum of four skinfolds, percentage body fat, body fat mass, and fat-free mass were also estimated. Older non-athletes had higher endomorphy, sum of four skinfolds, fat percentage, and body fat mass than the athletes. Older athletes who participated in the Ironman and elite young triathletes had higher fat-free mass than older non-athletes. Older triathletes and older non-athletes were considered mainly endomorphic mesomorphs and young triathletes mainly ectomorphic mesomorphs. The findings that characterize the anthropometric profile of athletes in this sports modality could be used as a reference.     

A comparison of time-motion performance between age groups in judo matches

The aim of this study was to compare time-motion indicators during judo matches performed by athletes from different age groups. The following age groups were analysed: Pre-Juvenile (13-14 years, n = 522), Juvenile (15-16 years, n = 353); Junior (19 years, n = 349) and Senior (>20 years, n = 587). The time-motion indicators included: Total Combat Time, Standing Combat Time, Displacement Without Contact, Gripping Time, Groundwork Combat Time and Pause Time. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) one-way and the Tukey test, as well as the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney (for non-parametric data), were conducted, using P < 0.05 as significance level. The results showed that all analysed groups obtained a median of 7 (first quantile - 3, third quantile - 12) sequences of combat/pause cycles. In total time of combat, the result was: for Total Combat Time, Standing Combat Time and Gripping Time: Pre-Juvenile and Senior were significantly longer than Juvenile and Junior. Considering Displacement Without Contact, Junior was significantly longer than all other age groups. For Groundwork Combat Time, Senior was significantly longer than all other age groups and Pre-Juvenile was longer than Junior. These results can be used to improve the physiological performance in intermittent practices, as well as technical-tactical training during judo sessions.     

Incidence and risk for traumatic and overuse injuries in top-level road cyclists

All traumatic and overuse injuries occurring during an average period of 4 years (2002/09) in a group of 51 currently active road top-level cyclists were retrospectively registered through clinical interviews. Average age was 25.8 years. Average training and competition period was 28.3 ± 2.4 h a week. Only 8 cyclists (15.6%) were completely free from lesions during the period of study. The remaining 43 cyclists suffered a total of 112 lesions; however, 9 out of these were unrelated to their cycling practice. These 103 cycling-related injuries include 50 (48.5%) traumatic and 53 (51.5%) overuse injuries. Twenty-eight fractures were reported, the clavicle being the most frequently affected bone (11 cases). The 68.5% of overuse injuries were located in the lower limbs. Most overuse injuries (89.6%) occurred during the training period. According to the injury abbreviated scale (AIS), severe lesions were only found in 4 cases (8% of traumatic injuries). Overall injury rates were 0.50 per racer/year, 2.02 per studied racer, and 0.007 per 1000 km of training and competition. Active professional top-level cyclists are exposed to a high injury risk. According to the scarce previously published data the current study provides relevant information on the injury occurrence of still active top-level road cycling.     

Active relatives and health-related physical fitness in European adolescents: The HELENA Study

Abstract High physical fitness in childhood and adolescence is positively associated with favourable health-related outcomes. Our aim was to examine the relationship between relatives' (father, mother, brother, sister, and best friend) physical activity engagement and encouragement on adolescents' physical fitness. Adolescents were part of the HELENA study, a multi-centre study conducted in 10 cities from nine European countries in 2006-2008. Participants were 3288 adolescents (48% boys, 52% girls) aged 12.5-17.5 years with valid data on at least one of the three fitness variables studied: muscular strength (standing long jump), speed/agility (4×10 m shuttle run), and cardiorespiratory fitness (20 m shuttle run). The adolescents reported their relatives' physical activity engagement and encouragement. Analysis of covariance showed that relatives' physical activity engagement (father, mother, brother, and best friend) was positively related to cardiorespiratory fitness (P?相似文献   

火针治疗对大鼠跟腱末端病细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察火针治疗前后大鼠跟腱末端区细胞凋亡情况的变化,探讨火针治疗末端病的作用机理,为末端病的火针治疗提供理论依据。方法采用"电击跳跃法"建立大鼠跟腱末端病模型,施以火针治疗,采用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡指数(AI)。结果(1)1次火针治疗后,治疗组大鼠末端区主要在跟腱、纤维软骨区、腱围这三个部位的AI比对照组有不同程度降低;(2)经4次火针治疗后,跟腱、纤维软骨区、腱骨关节面软骨、腱围的AI明显低于对照组;(3)4次火针治疗后在跟腱、纤维软骨区、腱骨关节面软骨、腱围的AI明显低于1次火针治疗组。结论(1)8周的"电击跳跃法"成功建立了大鼠跟腱末端病模型。(2)1次火针治疗可以减少末端区的细胞凋亡和修复已凋亡的细胞。(3)4次火针治疗不仅使末端区的凋亡细胞得到修复,而且加速了整个末端区组织和结构的恢复。     

Impact of Web 2.0 on national libraries

Web 2.0 has had an impact on library web sites making them more interactive with users, giving rise to the term Library 2.0. What is meant by Web 2.0 tools is generally understood but the degree of implementation of these tools in libraries is largely unknown. This study reports on the implementation of these tools in national libraries all over the world in order to give an objective measure of the impact of Web 2.0 on library web sites.     

云南高校开设少数民族体育公共选修课的探讨

对云南省高校开设少数民族传统体育项目公选课的意义、可行性及实施建议进行了阐述,以期促进少数民族传统体育项目得到更好的保护和推广,同时为高校体育教学改革提供一些参考.     

基于Cult3D的虚拟展馆漫游系统

在介绍虚拟展示模式的基础上,以开发虚拟展馆漫游系统为例,以3DS MAX和Cult 3D为工具,讨论了开发虚拟展馆漫游系统的基本原理、步骤以及控制过程,最终在网页上建立互动产品模型。并讨论了虚拟展示技术的发展前景,认为在多媒体演示交互中具有广阔的应用前景。     

Are determining factors of municipal E-government common to a worldwide municipal view? An intra-country comparison

The implementation of E-government aims at simplifying and improving the transactions between public administrations and their users or customers. The objective of this study is to analyze whether the factors behind the level of development of E-government among municipalities of a specific country are common to the improvement of digital administration in the largest municipalities from 81 countries worldwide. While previous studies provide evidence that municipalities from the same country, mainly those governed by left-wing parties, focus on differentiating themselves in the content of their Web sites, our findings emphasize that internationally, in the most important municipalities worldwide, all the political parties attempt to promote the development of a dynamic and participatory E-government.     

Generation of virtual models of cultural heritage

Different techniques and tools currently exist to generate three-dimensional models of small elements, buildings and cities. Apart from being easier to interpret than two-dimensional drawings, these models facilitate data necessary for reconstruction projects, preservation or rehabilitation of the architectural or archaeological heritage. Traditional surveying only enables us to obtain discrete information of the characteristic lines that define each surface, edge, slope change etc. whereas work with massive capture techniques allows us to obtain continuous points of the surfaces. Photogrammetry or laser scanning combined with conventional photography provides information of the building in addition to its geometry. We carried out a review of the different techniques showing the advantages and disadvantages of each technique as well as the information that can be obtained by applying these techniques to the survey of the great Gate of Antioch in the town of Aleppo, declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986, in Syria.