Blended and co-existing worlds in intersectoral mobilities of European PhD graduates in the social sciences and humanities

ABSTRACT

This paper argues that links between academia and other economic sectors are increasing, especially through intersectoral mobility of university graduates. Murray [(2010). “The Oncomouse that Roared: Hybrid Exchange Strategies as a Source of Distinction at the Boundary of Overlapping Institutions.” American Journal of Sociology 116 (2): 341–388] has identified literature pointing both to blending and continuing co-existence of the academic and commercial worlds. Based on a European-wide study of PhD graduates in the social sciences and humanities (SSH), this paper considers the extent to which intersectoral mobility reflects blending. It finds that intersectoral communities of practice exist mainly in applied fields of knowledge. However, in many areas of the SSH, differences in institutional norms and values inhibit intersectoral mobility, particularly in mid-career stages.     

Sources of sex education as a function of sex,coital activity,and type of information

Previous studies of the sources of sex education are reviewed and critically analyzed. Most previous studies have examined the limited issue of which source of sex education is most important, examined the sources of only a few sexual topics, or used inadequate methodology. In the present study, more adequate data regarding the relative contributions of parents, schools, reading, and peers to information about each of 35 different sexual topics were obtained from a sample of 232 male and female, coitally experienced or inexperienced, midwestern college students. Individual reading and peers were the highest rated sources overall and on most of the subcategories of items. Schools were highly rated sources for topics related to the anatomy and physiology of sex and venereal disease. Coitally experienced (CE) individuals reported receiving more information overall than coitally inexperienced (CIE) individuals. However, contrary to previous speculations, CE and CIE individuals did not differ in the amount of information received from parents. Instead, CE individuals received more information through reading and from peers than did CIE individuals. Consistent with previous findings, amount of information received from parents correlated negatively with performance on a sexual knowledge test. Comparison of the present results with previous research suggested a developmental hypothesis, namely, that as individuals develop from early adolescence to young adulthood and become more sexually active, individual reading becomes a more important source of sexual information.     

Female and minority experiences in an astronomy-based science hobby

Cultural Studies of Science Education - Despite policy changes and targeted outreach, issues of underrepresentation persist for women and minorities in science fields. Previous research has...     

Towards a literacy of fusion: new times,new teaching and learning?

This paper seeks to widen discussion about which forms of literacy are most appropriate for the education of children in the twenty‐first century. It outlines the current debate about the changes to children's literacy practices, which are described as being prompted on the one hand by the pervasive influence in society of new technologies, and on the other by the extent of pupils' engagement with popular culture. Using a single example, representative of a number of classroom action research studies devised by the author in which children's own interests were used to motivate writing, she argues that what is required from teachers is a transformative pedagogy. This would allow children's cultural interest to be merged with the school requirements into what is described as a literacy of fusion . The paper ends with an outline of the aspects of learning to which a teacher working to create such forms of literacy would need to attend.     

Attentional Mechanisms in Sports Via Brain-Electrical Event-Related Potentials

In this study, we examined attention processes in complex, sport-specific decision-making tasks without interdependencies from anticipation. Psychophysiological and performance data recorded from advanced and intermediate level basketball referees were compared. Event-related potentials obtained while judging game situations in foul recognition and a control task provided insight into focus of attention, selective attention, and processing strategy (top-down vs. bottom-up). Results showed task-specific effects for advanced referees in components influenced by attentional focus and selective attention. Experts also seemed to profit from superior top-down strategy and were able to evaluate the stimuli more rapidly. These findings are discussed in connection with current models in neurosciences and theories of referee research.     

Effect of biological maturation on maximal oxygen uptake and ventilatory thresholds in soccer players: An allometric approach

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the effect of biological maturation on maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O_2max) and ventilatory thresholds (VT₁ and VT₂) in 110 young soccer players separated into pubescent and post-pubescent groups.. Maximal oxygen uptake and [Vdot]O₂ corresponding to VT₁ and VT₂ were expressed as absolute values, ratio standards, theoretical exponents, and experimentally observed exponents. Absolute [Vdot]O₂ (ml · min^?1) was different between groups for VT₁, VT₂, and [Vdot]O_2max. Ratio standards (ml · kg^?1 · min^?1) were not significantly different between groups for VT₁, VT₂, and [Vdot]O_2max. Theoretical exponents (ml · kg^?0.67 · min^?1 and ml · kg^?0.75 · min^?1) were not properly adjusted for the body mass effects on VT₁, VT₂, and [Vdot]O_2max. When the data were correctly adjusted using experimentally observed exponents, VT₁ (ml · kg^?0.94 · min^?1) and VT₂ (ml · kg^?0.95 · min^?1) were not different between groups. The experimentally observed exponent for [Vdot]O_2max (ml · kg^?0.90 · min^?1) was different between groups (P = 0.048); however, this difference could not be attributed to biological maturation. In conclusion, biological maturation had no effect on VT₁, VT₂ or [Vdot]O_2max when the effect of body mass was adjusted by experimentally observed exponents. Thus, when evaluating the physiological performance of young soccer players, allometric scaling needs to be taken into account instead of using theoretical approaches.     

An evaluation of personalised insoles developed using additive manufacturing

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the short and medium term use of personalised insoles, produced by combining additive manufacturing (AM) with three-dimensional (3-D) foot scanning and computer aided design (CAD) systems. For that, 38 runners (19 pairings) were recruited. The experimental conditions were: personalised and control. The personalised condition consisted of trainers fitted with personalised glove fit insoles manufactured using AM and using foot scans to match the plantar geometry of the feet. The control condition consisted of the same trainers fitted with insoles also manufactured using AM but using scans of the original insole shape. Participants were allocated to one of the experimental conditions and wore the trainers for 3 months. Over this period they attended three laboratory sessions (at months 0, 1.5 and 3) and completed an Activity Diary after each training session. The footwear was evaluated in terms of discomfort and biomechanics. Lower discomfort ratings were found in the heel area (P ≤ 0.05) and for overall fit (P ≤ 0.05), with the personalised insole. However, discomfort was reported under the arch region for both conditions. With regard to the biomechanical data, differences between conditions were detected for ankle dorsiflexion at footstrike (P ≤ 0.05), maximum ankle eversion (P ≤ 0.05) and peak mean pressure under the heel (P ≤ 0.01): the personalised condition had lower values which may reduce injury risk. The personalisation of the geometry of insoles through advances in AM together with 3-D scanning and CAD technologies can provide benefits and has potential.     

The One World, One Science Argument

The one world, one science argument (so named by Rescher) isadvanced by Carl Sagan and others to support the thesis thatwe will be able to learn to converse with intelligent extraterrestrialsif and when we encounter them. The prima facie obstacle to extraterrestrialcommunication is that the aliens’ culture and geographyare bound to be so different from ours that we would find itextremely difficult, if not practically impossible, to finda common topic on which we can both converse. Sagan's rebuttalis that we will share mathematics and the laws of physics, thesebeing the same for all intelligent beings regardless of localcultural and geographical variations. I show that this argumentfails even if its contentious assumptions about science andthe world are granted—that is to say, it fails on uncontentiousgrounds.

1 OWOS

2 OWOS and Social Constructivism

3 OWOSand Conceptual Relativism

4 OWOS and the Selection Problem

5 The Fundamental Laws Solution

6 The Mathematics Solution

7 The Radio Solution

8 The Common Conditions Solution

9The Intractability of the Selection Problem

10 The Superfluityof OWOS