Developing the Librarians' Role in Supporting Grant Applications and Reducing Waste in Research: Outcomes From a Literature Review and Survey in the NIHR Research Design Service

ABSTRACT

Librarians and information specialists' involvement during the development of grant applications for external funding can save researchers' time, provide specialist support, and contribute to reducing avoidable waste in research. This article presents a survey of information specialists working for the National Institute for Health Research's Research Design Service within English applied health services research and a scoping review to identify other examples of librarians supporting grant applications. The survey found that support included: verifying proposed research has not already been performed; searching literature to provide background for the project; and advising on or writing systematic review methods. The scoping review found three examples where librarians were involved: in writing sections of the application; conducting reviews, and becoming a co-applicant. We recommend librarians engage with researchers by checking whether search requests are to support an application and by becoming familiar with resources and techniques to support grant proposal development.     

The family and the reproduction of the population

"The causes for the lowering of the birthrate below the necessary level for a simple reproduction of society [in the USSR are] sought within the family itself and in the conditions surrounding its existence....The present demographic situation requires the elaboration of a whole program for the development of marital and family relationships and the optimization of population reproduction processes....[Such a program] must encompass the issues of preparing youth for family life, the prestige of the family and its economic status, the optimal distribution of functions among individuals in the family and in society,....[and] the equalization of per capita income levels between one-child and large families...."     

Attentional learning and flexible induction: how mundane mechanisms give rise to smart behaviors

Young children often exhibit flexible behaviors relying on different kinds of information in different situations. This flexibility has been traditionally attributed to conceptual knowledge. Reported research demonstrates that flexibility can be acquired implicitly and it does not require conceptual knowledge. In Experiment 1, 4- to 5-year-olds successfully learned different context-predictor contingencies and subsequently flexibly relied on different predictors in different contexts. Experiments 2A and 2B indicated that flexible generalization stems from implicit attentional learning rather than from rule discovery, and Experiment 3 pointed to very limited strategic control over generalization behaviors in 4- to 5-year-olds. These findings indicate that mundane mechanisms grounded in associative and attentional learning may give rise to smart flexible behaviors.     

New Method for the Calculation of Stable Phase Diagrams

Computercalculationofphasediagramsbeganmorethan30yearsago.Aclearanddetailedreviewoftheearlyworksl'-'lwascontributedbyAnewton-Raphsoniterationtechniqueandthesimplexmethod,andpointedoutthatthemathematicaldeductionsofthelatterarelesscomplicated.Manynsaral'I.…     

A study of the access to the scholarly record from a hospital health science core collection

This study is an effort to determine possible service performance levels in hospital libraries based on access to the scholarly record of medicine through selected lists of clinical journals and indexing and abstracting journals. The study was designed to test a methodology as well as to provide data for planning and management decisions for health science libraries. Findings and conclusions cover the value of a core collection of journals, length of journal files, performance of certain bibliographic instruments in citation verification, and the implications of study data for library planning and management.     

A computerized English-Spanish correlation index to five biomedical library classification schemes based on MeSH

A computerized English/Spanish correlation index to five biomedical library classification schemes and a computerized English/Spanish, Spanish/English listings of MeSH are described. The index was accomplished by supplying appropriate classification numbers of five classification schemes (National Library of Medicine; Library of Congress; Dewey Decimal; Cunningham; Boston Medical) to MeSH and a Spanish translation of MeSH The data were keypunched, merged on magnetic tape, and sorted in a computer alphabetically by English and Spanish subject headings and sequentially by classification number.SOME BENEFITS AND USES OF THE INDEX ARE: a complete index to classification schemes based on MeSH terms; a tool for conversion of classification numbers when reclassifying collections; a Spanish index and a crude Spanish translation of five classification schemes; a data base for future applications, e.g., automatic classification. Other classification schemes, such as the UDC, and translations of MeSH into other languages can be added.     

PERSPECTIVE TAKING IN HIGH AND ABOVE AVERAGE IQ PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

This study compared 13 high (mean = 132.5) and 13 above average IQ (mean = 111.8) children aged 44 to 63 months on a spatial perspective taking task. The high group made significantly fewer egocentric errors and more correct responses. This may be a useful indication of high ability from an early age. All subjects made a relatively large number of adjacent errors, selecting a perspective between one's own and another viewer's, but the total score was uncorrelated with egocentric errors. Adjacent errors may provide more clues than egocentric errors to understanding the specific skills that need to be learned to overcome egocentrism, notably distinguishing the common features shared by the viewers in addition to recognizing the view of each. Possible relations to metacognition and flexibility are discussed. The results warrant continued exploration of perspective taking and its relationship to the development of thinking.

     

Information for occupational medicine,occupational health and related fields: some results of a study

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