Red pigment production by Penicillium purpurogenum GH2 is influenced by pH and temperature

The combined effects of pH and temperature on red pigment production and fungal morphology were evaluated in a submerged culture of Penicillium purpurogenum GH2, using Czapek-Dox media with d-xylose as a carbon source. An experimental design with a factorial fix was used: three pH values (5, 7, and 9) and two temperature levels (24 and 34 °C) were evaluated. The highest production of red pigment (2.46 g/L) was reached with a pH value of 5 and a temperature of 24 °C. Biomass and red pigment production were not directly associated. This study demonstrates that P. purpurogenum GH2 produces a pigment of potential interest to the food industry. It also shows the feasibility of producing and obtaining natural water-soluble pigments for potential use in food industries. A strong combined effect (p<0.05) of pH and temperature was associated with maximal red pigment production (2.46 g/L).     

Characterization of (68)Zn uptake, translocation, and accumulation into developing grains and young leaves of high Zn-density rice genotype

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for humans, but Zn deficiency has become serious as equally as iron (Fe) and vitamin A deficiencies nowadays. Selection and breeding of high Zn-density crops is a suitable, cost-effective, and sustainable way to improve human health. However, the mechanism of high Zn density in rice grain is not fully understood, especially how Zn transports from soil to grains. Hydroponics experiments were carried out to compare Zn uptake and distribution in two different Zn-density rice genotypes using stable isotope technique. At seedling stage, IR68144 showed higher ⁶⁸Zn uptake and transport rate to the shoot for the short-term, but no significant difference was observed in both genotypes for the long-term. Zn in xylem sap of IR68144 was consistently higher, and IR68144 exhibited higher Zn absorption ratio than IR64 at sufficient (2.0 μmol/L) or surplus (8.0 μmol/L) Zn supply level. IR64 and IR68144 showed similar patterns of ⁶⁸Zn accumulation in new leaves at seedling stage and in developing grains at ripening stage, whereas ⁶⁸Zn in new leaves and grains of IR68144 was consistently higher. These results suggested that a rapid root-to-shoot translocation and enhanced xylem loading capacity may be the crucial processes for high Zn density in rice grains.     

A Comprehensive Analysis of High School Genetics Standards: Are States Keeping Pace with Modern Genetics?

Science education in the United States will increasingly be driven by testing and accountability requirements, such as those mandated by the No Child Left Behind Act, which rely heavily on learning outcomes, or "standards," that are currently developed on a state-by-state basis. Those standards, in turn, drive curriculum and instruction. Given the importance of standards to teaching and learning, we investigated the quality of life sciences/biology standards with respect to genetics for all 50 states and the District of Columbia, using core concepts developed by the American Society of Human Genetics as normative benchmarks. Our results indicate that the states' genetics standards, in general, are poor, with more than 85% of the states receiving overall scores of Inadequate. In particular, the standards in virtually every state have failed to keep pace with changes in the discipline as it has become genomic in scope, omitting concepts related to genetic complexity, the importance of environment to phenotypic variation, differential gene expression, and the differences between inherited and somatic genetic disease. Clearer, more comprehensive genetics standards are likely to benefit genetics instruction and learning, help prepare future genetics researchers, and contribute to the genetic literacy of the U.S. citizenry.     

关爱大脑,好好睡觉

睡眠不足会怎样?黑眼圈?皮肤差?耽误身体的排毒时间?通通都会!这些都是我们经常听到的关于睡眠不足的坏处,除此之外,长期的睡眠不足还会导致我们的注意力下降、记忆错乱、影响大脑的运转。所以为了我们身体的健康,童鞋们,还是得按时睡觉!我肯定许多地铁乘客都是打盹高手,但是这节车厢里的乘客似乎特别天赋异禀。在最近的一个早上,太阳才刚刚升起,在经过布鲁克林大桥时,一排身穿几近一模一样的黑西装的男士正闭着眼睛抓着地铁上的拉     

体育规则：足球规则修改与集体项目规则的比较研究

本文以法学视角,尤其是国际法视角,通过研读规则文本的方式,对足球规则的演进进行分析,并且揭示一些目前体育法领域关注的问题:体育法(lex sportiva)确实存在,包含了公法部分(国际公约、国家立法)和私法部分(体育规则);体育规则(Laws of the game)是体育法的核心,包括国家、地区以及全球范围内各级体育主管部门的章程与条例;项目规则是体育法的另一个重要核心,作者以足球为例,论证了为什么项目规则也是法的问题。     

濒危的忠诚

这赛季英超到目前为止,给我印象最深刻的镜头只有一个,就是兰帕德代表曼城攻破老东家切尔西的球门。赛前人们都猜想着这一幕发生的种种后果,但兰帕德进球的那一刻,球场上的蓝军球迷和球员都木然了,连我这个坐存电视机前看球的人都不知道说什么,翻一翻蓝军的球迷论坛,没有辱骂,也没有赞扬,有一个球迷的留言间我心有戚戚：感觉怪怪的。     

The impact of childhood foster care and other out-of-home placement on homeless women and their children

OBJECTIVE: This study compares homeless women who had childhood histories of foster care or other out-of-home placement to those who have not. METHOD: A countywide probability sample of homeless women (n = 179) received structured interviews. RESULTS: One-third of homeless women reported being raised apart from their parents. Among women with children under age 18, most (61.5%) had children who had lived in foster care or other out-of-home placements. Variables associated with homeless mothers' children living in foster care or other out-of-home placements were: Child was school-age, mother was age 35 or older, mother had a current alcohol or drug use disorder, mother experienced childhood sexual abuse, and mother ran away from home (when under age 18). CONCLUSIONS: Parenting is difficult for homeless mothers who may need to place their children with others to facilitate school attendance. Parent-child interaction may be problematic in family shelters where privacy is rare. Thus, programs promoting family preservation for homeless mothers should provide parenting support as well as permanent housing.     

运动性血管性水肿和气喘

剧烈运动可偶然发生寻麻疹,血管性水肿,气喘发作,喉痉挛,心律失常或血管性虚脱等综合症。我们现报告一个15岁的男孩在体育运动之后,发生血管性水肿和气喘发作达6次之多的例子。病例报告一个15岁的少年男子因参加篮球比赛,30分钟后突然发生呼吸困难,眶周浮肿被送往急诊。当时无皮疹及瘙痒。检查发现面部、双眼睑、双唇浮肿。血压130/70mmHg,     

职业教育协会更名将带来发展良机

要从人们头脑中消除“职业教育”这一概念，听起来似不可思议，但我们必须这么做。