The slow neutron-induced radioactivities of nuclear explosions

The slow neutron-induced radioactivities of nuclear explosions have been evaluated for infinite media of filtered Schuylkill water and the earth's crust. The magnitudes of these effects are compared with the activity of the fission fragments, and the conditions under which they may be of importance are considered.It has been assumed that a gram-molecule of neutrons is liberated in the blast.     

Frequency-coordinate vector diagram

From the standpoint of circuit synthesis as well as for a fundamental comprehension of circuit behavior, it is desirable to be able to visualize the response of a circuit over an extended frequency range by means of a geometrical construction. Mathematically, the response of a circuit can be expressed with the La Place transform theory as a function of the complex frequency variable, p = α + jωw, in which a is the decrement and ω is the “real” angular frequency. Physically, the nature of the real-frequency response is usually not discernible by casual inspection of the mathematical function. This paper develops a means of visualizing this frequency response readily through the construction of a vector diagram from the response function.     

The relay oscillator and related devices

Several arrangements of relay, condenser, and battery can be made to oscillate dependably. The electrical properties of these oscillators, as well as of a number of derivative devices, are here outlined.     

Theory of the halftone process. II. The diffraction theory-calculation of the light distribution

An approximate method of calculating the light distribution in the dots formed behind a halftone screen from the Fresnel diffraction theory is described, and in a typical case, the distribution is found to check closely with that determined experimentally, being very different from that calculated from geometrical optics.     

The elimination of hypo from photographic images

It is very difficult, if not impossible, to remove the last traces of hypo from photographic papers by any known procedure of washing. The sulfur in the residual hypo ultimately, and especially under abnormal conditions of temperature and humidity, combines with the silver image to form yellowish brown silver sulfide. This phenomenon is known as sulfiding or “fading” of the image. The various factors which affect the rate of fading of images and the washing out of hypo from films and papers are outlined.Chemical methods of hypo elimination have been proposed from time to time but the majority of these have not been satisfactory because they tend to leave substances such as thionates in the photographic material, which are equally as difficult to wash out as hypo and which also tend to sulfide or fade the silver image. A new hypo eliminator is recommended consisting of two volatile chemicals, hydrogen peroxide and ammonia. This eliminator oxidizes the hypo to sodium sulfate, which is inert and soluble in water, while any excess eliminator evaporates on drying.Two formulas and treatments are proposed: (1) Complete elimination of hypo for use by the professional, advanced amateur, and photofinisher who demand the highest standard of photographic quality in their prints.(2) Almost complete elimination of hypo (less than o.oi milligram per square inch).Since the conditions to which prints will be subjected are rarely known in advance, use of the “complete elimination treatment” is advised in all cases.