试论明代科举考试制度对军事的影响

文章认为科举文科考试对军事的影响表现在:一是文科科举举人、进士担任了许多军事武官;二是文科进士不少人写了一些军事著作。武科科举考试出身的人才一方面写了不少的军事兵书;另一方面涌现出了许多战功累累的军事将领。     

Dynamics of a prestressed Timoshenko beam subject to arbitrary external load

The free vibration and transient wave in a prestressed Rayleigh-Timoshenko beam subject to arbitrary transverse forces are analyzed by the newly developed method of reverberation-ray matrix （MRRM）. The effects of shear deformation and rotational inertia are taken into consideration. With a Fourier transform technique, the general wave solutions with two sets of unknown amplitude coefficients are obtained in the transformed domain for an unbonded prestressed beam under the action of arbitrary external excitations. From the coupling at joints and the compatibility of displacements in each member, the free and forced vibration responses of a beam with various boundary conditions are finally evaluated through certain numerical algorithms, Results are presented for a simply-supported beam subject to either a point fixed load or moving load. Good agreement with the finite element method （FEM） is obtained. The present work is instructive for high-speed railway bridge design and structural health monitoring.     

流行体育文化视野下的河北省高校体育教学研究

运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法对河北省18所普通高校体育课程的教学现状进行了调查、研究和分析。针对教学中存在的问题,提出了改革高校体育教学的措施：强化体育教师对流行体育文化知识的再学习与培训;利用多媒体进行流行体育的欣赏与教学;重视流行体育知识与体育基础理论的相互融合;加强学校体育教学与社会体育机构的合作。     

信息技术环境下对多媒体教室管理员素质能力的思考

在信息技术环境下,随着多媒体技术的不断进步,各类高等院校纷纷建起优化教学的多媒体教室。该文对一些高校的多媒体教室的应用状况进行了调研和分析。     

高校贫困生资格认定公正性缺失的成因与对策研究

通过分析高校贫困生资格认定公正性缺失的现状和成因,提出要保证高校贫困生资格认定的公正性,中央一级政府要加强相关贫困生资格认定制度的建设和完善,使贫困生资格认定工作有据可依;地方政府应在认定过程中发挥主体的作用,规范认定程序,坚持认定的动态化管理;高校都要努力探讨建立权利义务对等的资助模式;必须加强大学生诚信教育,培养文明新风.     

提梁机液压卷扬系统的可靠性管理

液压系统的可靠性管理是指为提供能满足使用要求的高可靠性的液压系统,在系统的设计、安装、使用的金过程中所采取的提高可靠性的一切措施、方法和活动。通过提梁机现场实际运行情况分析可知,提梁机的大部分故障都是由液压系统所引起的。故对液压系统进行可靠性管理具有非常重要的意义。     

商业银行金融品牌战略探索

通过对商业银行金融品牌战略的论述,提出商业银行实施品牌战略的必要性和重要性。并提出应借鉴西方商业银行的市场定位策略,以提高我国商业银行的品牌竞争力。     

基于WEB的网络自动答疑系统的设计与建立

本文对建立网上答疑系统的必要性和可行性进行了简要分析。提出了以校园网络为依托,建设基于WEB的网络自动答疑系统的实施方案。该方案有效地解决了传统答疑模式所带来的教学效率低、效果差等问题,具有高度的实用性和推广价值。     

建构主义学习观在管理学课程实践教学中的应用研究

管理学具有很强的实践性和应用性,依据建构主义学习观,探讨探究学习、认知学徒制和合作学习方法在管理学中的应用,通过采用全程团队式教学实践的设计,寓管理学的理论于日常的学习与工作中,对提高学生的学习兴趣,使管理学知识内化为学生头脑中的思维模式,提高学生管理素养具有重要的现实意义。     

Clodronate-containing liposomes attenuate lung injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis

Objectives:Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) can lead to acute lung injury(ALI) .The purpose of this paper is to investigate the protective effect of clodronate-containing liposomes on ALI in rats with SAP.Methods:The thin film method was used to prepare liposomes.Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups.After the SAP model was established by injecting 5%(w/v) sodium taurocholate(2 ml/kg body weight) into the subcapsular space of the pancreata,normal saline was administered to the control(C) group,phosphate buffer solution(PBS) -containing liposome to the Pgroup,and clodronate-containing liposome to the Tgroup through tail veins.Blood samples were obtained from the superior mesenteric vein at 2 and 6 h to measure the levels of amylase,interleukin-6(IL-6) ,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) .Morphological changes in the pancreata and lung were observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining,while cell apoptosis was detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling(TUNEL) .In addition,the macrophage marker cluster of differentiation 68(CD68) in lung tissue was detected with immunohistochemistry.Results:Blood levels of amylase,IL-6,and TNF-αwere significantly increased in the Pgroup compared to those in the Tgroup(P0.05) .In the Tgroup,large numbers of TUNEL-positive cells were observed,but no or few in the C and Pgroups.Gross inspection and HE staining of pancreata and lung showed dramatic tissue damage,including inflammation and necrosis in the Pgroup.Less remarkable changes were noted in the Tgroup,and the C group exhibited normal histology.The histological scores according to Kaiser's criteria were consistent with HE findings.The number of CD68-positive macrophages decreased in the Tgroup.Conclusions:Clodronate-containing liposomes have a protective effect against ALI in rats with SAP.Blockade of macrophages may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in SAP.