马拉松赛事风险政府协调治理的理论内涵、现实困境与实现路径

研究以政府协调治理为理论基础,以“主体-场景-行动”为治理逻辑的分析框架,指出马拉松赛事风险治理的困境,提出马拉松赛事风险政府协调治理的实现路径。研究认为,马拉松赛事风险治理存在治理主体对赛事风险治理认识不够、赛事风险场景的精细划分比较笼统、赛事风险应急合作治理行动的基础支撑条件不完善等困境。应从更新治理理念、转变治理主体的角色认识,优化场景划分、夯实场景的精细化和数字化;强化行动效益,夯实赛事风险治理的行动基础3个方面推进治理。     

Self-regulation of timeout duration in the modification of disruptive classroom behavior

The effects of self-determination vs. teacher-determination of timeout duration on disruptive behavior were investigated in a group of 15 students in a special classroom who had learning disabilities and/or behavior problems. There were five phases to the study: In a repeated measures design each subject received timeout for 5 minutes, no timeout, 5 minutes timeout, selfdetermined timeout duration, and student = teacher-determined timeout duration. The overall effect of timeout was to reduce significantly the rate of disruptive behavior. The effects of various timeout conditions did not differ, indicating self-management of timeout duration was just as effective as when the teacher set the timeout duration.