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排序方式: 共有174条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
This article examines the effects of clustering in latent class analysis. A comprehensive simulation study is conducted, which begins by specifying a true multilevel latent class model with varying within- and between-cluster sample sizes, varying latent class proportions, and varying intraclass correlations. These models are then estimated under the assumption of a single-level latent class model. The outcomes of interest are measures of bias in the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and the entropy R 2 statistic relative to accounting for the multilevel structure of the data. The results indicate that the size of the intraclass correlation as well as between- and within-cluster sizes are the most prominent factors in determining the amount of bias in these outcome measures, with increasing intraclass correlations combined with small between-cluster sizes resulting in increased bias. Bias is particularly noticeable in the BIC. In addition, there is evidence that class separation interacts with the size of the intraclass correlations and cluster sizes in producing bias in these measures. 相似文献
72.
Due to recent research in equating methodologies indicating that some methods may be more susceptible to the accumulation of equating error over multiple administrations, the sustainability of several item response theory methods of equating over time was investigated. In particular, the paper is focused on two equating methodologies: fixed common item parameter scaling (with two variations, FCIP‐1 and FCIP‐2) and the Stocking and Lord characteristic curve scaling technique in the presence of nonequivalent groups. Results indicated that the improvements made to fixed common item parameter scaling in the FCIP‐2 method were sustained over time. FCIP‐2 and Stocking and Lord characteristic curve scaling performed similarly in many instances and produced more accurate results than FCIP‐1. The relative performance of FCIP‐2 and Stocking and Lord characteristic curve scaling depended on the nature of the change in the ability distribution: Stocking and Lord characteristic curve scaling captured the change in the distribution more accurately than FCIP‐2 when the change was different across the ability distribution; FCIP‐2 captured the changes more accurately when the change was consistent across the ability distribution. 相似文献
73.
The Deutscher Forschungsrat (GermanResearch Council) attempted to anchor scienceadvising and science policy in West Germanyafter the Second World War. Promoted by acircle of élite scientists, the councilaimed to establish institutions and mechanismscomparable to those in Great Britain, theUnited States, and other scientific powers.After a two-and-a-half year existence, iteventually failed. The reasons for its failure,some local, some global, display thedifficulties facing research policy in theearly years of the Federal Republic. 相似文献
74.
75.
Alina Kuthe Lars Keller Annemarie Körfgen Hans Stötter Anna Oberrauch Karl-Michael Höferl 《The Journal of environmental education》2013,44(3):172-182
AbstractUnder the premise that the young generation of teenagers cannot be considered to be uniform, this study identified groups of teenagers based on their level of climate change awareness. Questionnaires answered by 760 teenagers (13–16?years old) from Germany and Austria were analyzed using a hierarchical cluster analysis. The teenagers were assigned to four groups that differed as to their cognitive, affective and conative aspects of climate change awareness. Based on the empirical results, the authors argue that there are different subgroups of young people in terms of climate change awareness, which climate change education should take into consideration. 相似文献
76.
Joseph A. Buckhalt Mona El-Sheikh Peggy S. Keller Ryan J. Kelly 《Child development》2009,80(3):875-892
Relations between children's sleep and cognitive functioning were examined over 2 years, and race and socioeconomic status were assessed as moderators of effects. Third-grade African American and European American children ( N = 166; M = 8.72 years) participated at Time 1 and again 2 years later ( N = 132). At both Time 1 and Time 2, sleep was examined via self-report and actigraphy. Children were administered selected tests from the Woodcock–Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities, and Stanford Achievement Test scores were obtained from schools. Children's sleep was related to intellectual ability and academic achievement. Results build substantially on an emerging literature supportive of the importance of sleep in children. 相似文献
77.
Aston K. McCullough Bryan S. Keller Shumin Qiu Carol Ewing Garber 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2018,22(3):275-286
The purpose of this study was to estimate distances from accelerometer-derived Bluetooth signals as a measure of interpersonal spatial proximity. Accelerometer-derived proximity data were collected indoors and outdoors over a 10m range to calibrate simulation models. Proximity data were simulated over 20m (indoor) and 50m (outdoor) ranges. Competing statistical and machine learning models were used to predict simulated distances; the Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) was calculated. Simulation estimates were validated under conditions wherein a single beacon-receiver (SBR) and multiple beacons-receivers (MBR) collected proximity data indoors and outdoors within a ≤10m range. Simulation data showed that a Random Forest (RF) model performed optimally. The validated RF RMSE was ≤2.7 for SBR, and ≥90% of predicted distances were accurately classified as ≤10m. For MBR, ≥67% of predicted distances were accurately classified as ≤10m. Simulation and validation data suggest that distances can be estimated from accelerometer-derived proximity data within a 20m range using a SBR. 相似文献
78.
A cross-cultural exploration of ‘wild’ in wilderness therapy: Canada,Norway and Australia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nevin J. Harper Leiv E. Gabrielsen Cathryn Carpenter 《Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning》2018,18(2):148-164
This paper addresses pluralistic understandings of wilderness in the context of wilderness therapy (WT). The term wilderness perpetuates a modern worldview of place that beyond ‘civilisation’ exists an environment defined by risk, fear and an unpredictable nature. WT utilises outdoor travel and living practices during therapeutic intervention and health promotion although empirical justification for its use of wilderness for therapy is not yet established. This paper provides three cultural perspectives on wild places in relation to WT. These national perspectives are informed by local practices, historical and societal understandings of wilderness and supported by related literature from Canada, Norway and Australia. The authors (1) illustrate a number of contemporary western assumptions about wilderness enshrined in the WT and outdoor adventure literature, (2) cautiously propose core purposes for using wild places for therapy and (3) encourage further development of WT practice and research within national, regional and even across organisational contexts. 相似文献
79.
Michael J. Guralnick Diane Paul-Brown Joseph M. Groom Cathryn L. Booth Mary A. Hammond Deborah B. Tupper Andrea Gelenter 《Early education and development》1998,9(1):49-77
The conflict resolution patterns of preschool-age mildly developmentally delayed children were compared to those of older and younger groups of typically developing children matched on the basis of chronological age or developmental level. Children participated in short-term heterogeneous playgroups consisting of representatives from all three developmental status groups. Naturally occurring conflicts with peers in the form of extended directive episodes were assessed in terms of their frequency, purpose, strategies, and the way conflicts were resolved. Results revealed that mildly delayed children exhibit a more negative and less adaptive interaction style, even in comparison to typically developing children similar in developmental level. Special problems were apparent when younger typically developing and mildly delayed children engaged in conflict episodes, whereas typically developing older children were able to adjust and interact appropriately irrespective of their companions' developmental status. In addition, typically developing older children elicited a pattern in which other children were less demanding and negative, but more responsive, positive, and adaptive. The implications of developmental differences between younger and older typically developing children and the unique problems in conflict situations were discussed. 相似文献
80.
Kirsten Tulchin-Francis Wilshaw Stevens Jr. Xiangli Gu Tao Zhang Heather Roberts Jean Keller Dana Dempsey Justine Borchard Kelly Jeans Jonathan VanPelt 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(3):323-332
BackgroundDaily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is vital to the physical, mental, and social well-being of children. Early restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic included the closure of schools and physical activity (PA) amenities across the US. This study aimed to examine the impact of the pandemic on the PA and play behavior of U.S. children and to provide evidence-based recommendations to improve their PA.MethodsA cross-sectional, online, parent-reported survey was conducted of children aged 3–18 years between April and June 2020 to assess light PA and MVPA using a modified Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. Additional items included family/child socioeconomic demographics, child adaptability to the pandemic, and community access. The survey was shared through social media and snowball sampling distribution.ResultsAnalysis of 1310 surveys indicated child PA scores declined significantly during the pandemic (from 56.6 to 44.6, max 119, p < 0.001). Specifically, MVPA score decreased (from 46.7 to 34.7, max 98, p < 0.001) while light PA remained the same. Age-based changes were seen in the quantity, variety, and intensity of PA, with the lowest pandemic-related impact seen in preschoolers and the highest in high schoolers (–4.7 vs. –17.2, p < 0.001). Community-based peer PA decreased across all age groups.ConclusionThis study shows decreased PA levels in U.S. children, according to parent reporting, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations for community leaders, educators, and parents to improve PA in children are provided. With continued spread of COVID-19, these results and recommendations may be imperative to the physical well-being of U.S. children. 相似文献