有心力场中质点轨道方程求解问题的讨论

该文介绍了用正则方程求解受平方反比引力作用的质点轨道方程的方法,推导了质点的角动量守恒定律(mh=恒量)和机械能守恒定律(E=恒量)及其轨道方程。以往用比耐公式求解质点的轨道方程,通常没有给出积分常数的具体形式。该文用E和h确定了用比耐公式法求解的积分常数。这样用比耐公式方法与用机械能守恒方法求解的轨道方程形成了统一的形式,有利于学生更深入地理解受平方反比引力作用质点运动的物理内涵。     

加快教育信息化建设,促进高校教育教学改革

高校进行教育信息化建设,既是高校教育教学改革发展的必然趋势,同时也是一个挑战。该文首先从提高认识、更新观念上入手,对高校进行教育信息化建设的措施进行了详细分析,包括软、硬件平台和网络设施的改造和数字化校园的建设等,最后着重分析了网络学习空间教学的来源、内容和组成。教育信息化不仅能有效激发教师的积极性和创造性,而且能有效地增强学生的学习兴趣和自主学习能力。     

Differences in Brain Activation Between Novices and Experts in Science During a Task Involving a Common Misconception in Electricity

Science education studies have revealed that students often have misconceptions about how nature works, but what happens to misconceptions after a conceptual change remains poorly understood. Are misconceptions rejected and replaced by scientific conceptions, or are they still present in students' minds, coexisting with newly acquired scientific conceptions? In this study, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare brain activation between novices and experts in science when they evaluate the correctness of simple electric circuits. Results show that experts, more than novices, activate brain areas involved in inhibition when they evaluate electric circuits in which a bulb lights up, even though there is only one wire connecting it to the battery. These findings suggest that experts may still have a misconception encoded in the neural networks of their brains that must be inhibited in order to answer scientifically.     

A Behind‐the‐Scenes Guide to School‐Based Research

Schools are an important context for both basic and applied scientific research. Unlike the laboratory, however, the physical and social conditions of schools are not under the exclusive control of scientists. In this article, we liken collecting data in schools to putting on a theatrical production. We begin by describing the large cast of characters whose collaborative efforts make school‐based research possible. Next, we address the critics, including the university Institutional Review Board (IRB) and school administrators, whose feedback often improves the final study design. We then turn our attention to set building, stage directions, and rehearsals—key steps in the iterative process of refining study procedures. We end with a discussion of the day of data collection itself and activities that take place after the curtain drops. Throughout, we make recommendations based on our recent experience collecting data at several high schools.     

Developing an audiovisual notebook as a self‐learning tool in histology: Perceptions of teachers and students

Videos can be used as didactic tools for self‐learning under several circumstances, including those cases in which students are responsible for the development of this resource as an audiovisual notebook. We compared students' and teachers' perceptions regarding the main features that an audiovisual notebook should include. Four questionnaires with items about information, images, text and music, and filmmaking were used to investigate students' (n = 115) and teachers' perceptions (n = 28) regarding the development of a video focused on a histological technique. The results show that both students and teachers significantly prioritize informative components, images and filmmaking more than text and music. The scores were significantly higher for teachers than for students for all four components analyzed. The highest scores were given to items related to practical and medically oriented elements, and the lowest values were given to theoretical and complementary elements. For most items, there were no differences between genders. A strong positive correlation was found between the scores given to each item by teachers and students. These results show that both students' and teachers' perceptions tend to coincide for most items, and suggest that audiovisual notebooks developed by students would emphasize the same items as those perceived by teachers to be the most relevant. Further, these findings suggest that the use of video as an audiovisual learning notebook would not only preserve the curricular objectives but would also offer the advantages of self‐learning processes. Anat Sci Educ 7: 209–218. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

Combining fiber dissection,plastination, and tractography for neuroanatomical education: Revealing the cerebellar nuclei and their white matter connections

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in white matter anatomy of the human brain. With advances in brain imaging techniques, the significance of white matter integrity for brain function has been demonstrated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. As the demand for interpretation of clinical and imaging data on white matter increases, the needs for white matter anatomy education are changing. Because cross‐sectional images and formalin‐fixed brain specimens are often insufficient in visualizing the complexity of three‐dimensional (3D) white matter anatomy, obtaining a comprehensible conception of fiber tract morphology can be difficult. Fiber dissection is a technique that allows isolation of whole fiber pathways, revealing 3D structural and functional relationships of white matter in the human brain. In this study, we describe the use of fiber dissection in combination with plastination to obtain durable and easy to use 3D white matter specimens that do not require special care or conditions. The specimens can be used as a tool in teaching white matter anatomy and structural connectivity. We included four human brains and show a series of white matter specimens of both cerebrum and cerebellum focusing on the cerebellar nuclei and associated white matter tracts, as these are especially difficult to visualize in two‐dimensional specimens and demonstrate preservation of detailed human anatomy. Finally, we describe how the integration of white matter specimens with radiological information of new brain imaging techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging tractography can be used in teaching modern neuroanatomy with emphasis on structural connectivity. Anat Sci Educ. 7: 47–55. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

国际职业教育比较研究及对我国高职院校的借鉴意义

职业技术教育是现代教育的重要组成部分,是工业化和生产社会化、现代化的重要支柱。职业教育的发展,既是经济社会发展的需要,更是普及教育发展到一定历史阶段的产物。职业教育作为一种教育类型在不同的国家和地区呈现出不同的发展特点。本文通过对各国在职业教育领域产生的先进理念和做法进行比较研究,希望从中找到一些有益的经验和借鉴,促进我国高等职业教育发展。     

应用型高校《电子商务概论》模块化教学设计

模块化教学改革是应用型本科高校探索人才培养新模式的重要改革措施之一,在模块化教学理念下,探讨了《电子商务概论》的模块化教学改革问题,认为该课程模块化教学改革应当围绕应用型专业培养目标,以学生为本,与时俱进;设计了以"应用"、"认知"和"创新"能力培养为核心的课程教学方案。     

参与式教学在《电子政务概论》中创新性应用

《电子政务概论》是公共管理学的主要专业课之一,也是结合了行政管理学和计算机基础的交叉型学科,可以通过对参与式教学的创新性应用来使这门课程的教学效果最大化;教学步骤主要包括分组任务、多轮讨论、评分总结、分析评价、实践操作五个部分;对参与式教学的创新性应用可以起到培养创新思维,开拓学习兴趣,提高综合素质的作用。