教育中的仪式:演示、模仿、跨文化

本文从文化的演示性路径出发,对教育活动中的仪式进行了探讨,重点报告了"柏林仪式研究"项目的研究成果,重点讨论了仪式对教育和社会化过程的推动作用、仪式的模仿学习过程、仪式的跨文化学习功能以及仪式研究的方法论。     

Predictor variables related to the classification of learning disabilities

Psychoeducational assessment variables for high school students were subjected to a discriminant function analysis. Variables predictive of learning disability classification were spelling, IQ, and a student interview question.     

Counseling center outreach: A guide to simple,inexpensive programming

Specific strategies for psychological, health, and academic outreach at a university counseling center are presented. Primary and secondary preventative programs targeting three identified group-students, faculty/staff and resident assistant-are discussed. All strategies presented require a minimum of staff and financial resources. Effectiveness as measured by percentage of target population reached is presented. It is suggested that the communication of effective outreach strategies may encourage other student service agencies to adopt and expand upon the programming.This work was completed while the author was director of the Counseling Center, University of Maryland, Munich Campus.     

Understanding Hollywood's organization and continuing success

Integrated international marketing of films and related merchandise and close financial ties between distributors and roducers have evolved to cope with the risks of piracy, cost containment, opportunism, and revenue uncertainty. Our reading of the evidence is that this system has dominated because of its efficiency. In search of an explanation of why America remains the centre of this institutional and contractual web, we examine the impact of two world wars, the rapid commercialization of new technologies in the United States by aggressive managers, an open financial system and the ethnic diversity, language homogeneity, and size of the domestic market.We are grateful to Elizabet Filleul, Simon Grant, Peter Harcourt, Ian Jarvie and Janet Staiger for their comments but absolve them of any responsibility for the views presented.     

Serial properties of behavior and their chemical modification

Certain features of operant behavior that are sensitive to the adverse effects of chemical exposure can be obscured by exclusive experimental reliance on global measures such as response rate. Temporal patterning of behavior is the clearest example. Reinforcement schedules studied in behavioral pharmacology and toxicology reveal novel consequences of chemical treatment when subjected to analyses of their temporal and serial properties. Fixed-ratio performance, for example, undergoes not only changes in response rate, but also displays distinctive shifts in inter-response time patterning, changes in the interresponse time distribution, and deterioration in what might be termed the cohesiveness of the ratio. Variable-interval performance also may change in distinctive ways that produce altered response patterning without marked changes in rate. Sequential dependencies, as measured by techniques of time series analysis, may also reveal effects not reflected by response rates. Spaced responding and autoregressive schedules provide examples. The serial and temporal properties alluded to above can be described and analyzed by a variety of quantitative techniques that also yield information of theoretical interest.