Developing tolerance: A comparison of contextual versus program effectsEl desarrollo de la tolerancia: una comparación de los efectos de contexto versus programasDeveloppement de la tolérance: une comparaison d'effets contextuels et de programme.

This paper reports a quasi-experimental study of a six-week integrated summer camp experience for a group of teenagers from all parts of the country and from various economic and racial/ethnic backgrounds. A set of controls (withdrawals and friends of participants) were employed for comparative purposes. Contrary to other evidence, interracial tolerance for black and white participants was not increased as a result of contact. Whites actually became significantly less tolerant towards Blacks over the six-week period. Likewise, ethnocentric attitudes for both Blacks and whites were not decreased. By comparison, these same participants received a specific educational program dealing with homosexuals and ex-convicts and did become more tolerant of these groups. An explanatory discussion of these results is offered along with the practical implications of the research.     

International perceptions across the sea: Patterns in Japanese young adults

The international perceptions of Japanese young adults were explored in 172 professional education students in two Tokyo colleges. They classified 30 nations according to their “current” and “future” affinity to Japan. Little difference was detected in the Q-sorts between institutions arid sexes, while the “current” and “future” sorts correlated .96 with each other. In cluster analyses, many two-nation units (e.g., Czechoslovakia-Yugoslavia) were found to be the building blocks for the overall pattern. The total configuration consisted of three broad groups: mostly Western European nations, problematical nations (China, Russia, Israel, Egypt, etc.), and remote and neutral nations. Structurally, the results were similar to those for American young adults, but the contents were different. The notion of cultural metastereotypes thus received tentative support.