Development and initial validation of an instrument to assess the motivational qualities of music in exercise and sport: The Brunel Music Rating Inventory

Equivocal results of the psychophysical effects of music have been explained in part by the insensitivity of researchers to important personal and situational variables when selecting music. The aim of the present study was to operationalize a conceptual framework for the prediction of psychophysical responses to music into a music rating inventory to assess the motivational qualities of music in exercise and sport environments. An initial item pool was developed and administered to 334 aerobics instructors. Exploratory factor analysis produced a 13-item, four-factor structure (association, musicality, cultural impact and rhythm response), which accounted for 59.2% of the variance. This model demonstrated acceptable fit indices when tested using confirmatory factor analysis on 314 exercise-to-music participants, and was better than an alternative two-factor model. When cross-validated using multisample confirmatory factor analysis, the model also showed an acceptable fit overall, although some invariance in the rhythm response factor was evident that can be attributed to the exclusive use of synchronous music by aerobics instructors. The Brunel Music Rating Inventory appears to be a valid and reliable tool for both researchers and practitioners to assess the motivational qualities of music in exercise and sport environments.     

Personality and Functional Specialty Preference of Prospective Counselor Educators

This study examined the personality needs of doctoral students in counselor education who preferred functional specialties as administrators or practitioners. The sample consisted of doctoral students in counselor education at 20 southern universities. Achievement, dominance, order, and social recognition needs, as measured by the Personality Research Form (PRF), were found to differentiate between the groups.     

The Counseling-Community Psychologist in the CMHC: Employer Perceptions

A questionnaire devised to measure community mental-health center directors' perceptions of requisites for doctoral-level employment was mailed to 302 directors in Department of Health, Education and Welfare Region IV (southeastern United States); 117 (39%) returned completed questionnaires. The data are discussed, and a model is proposed for the training of doctoral-level counseling-community psychologists.