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42.
ANGELA W LITTLE 《Compare》2003,33(4):437-452
This paper revisits Schultz's concept of human capital. In both the South and the North the concept has been incorporated uncritically into policy discourses. The academic community has been less critical. Its theoretical, empirical and methodological critiques have generated at least two responses from the economists. The first is the extension and refinement of the conceptual and methodological frameworks of human capital. The second maintains the focus on the monetary returns and draws attention to the enduring unexplained variance of differences in lifetime earnings and the 'behavioural' factors, besides education, that may account for it. The basic proposition of human capital theory, that people invest in themselves through education, takes human motivation for granted. The author suggests that questions of motivation and learning are central to the concept of human capital. Not only is learning motivated, but learning can itself be motivating. A review of studies of the motives for learning in education and work and the motivational effects of learning in education and work highlights the goals, besides the economic, that motivate human endeavour. Such studies, many informed by psychological and education perspectives, deserve more attention from both economists and educators in the future. The paper concludes with two further challenges for those who work with concepts of human capital and development. The first concerns units of analysis conventionally used in the social sciences. The second concerns the way that economic growth, the dependent variable of human capital theory, is specified in relation to the broader goals of human and societal development. 相似文献
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An empirical comparison of the accuracy of item sampling and examinee sampling in estimating norm statistics. Item samples were composed of 3, 6, or 12 items selected from a total test of 50 multiple-choice vocabulary questions. Overall, the study findings provided empirical evidence that item sampling is approximately as effective as examinee sampling for estimating the population mean and standard deviation. Contradictory trends occurred for lower ability and higher ability student populations in accuracy of estimated means and standard deviations when the number of items administered increased from 3 to 6 to 12. The findings from this study indicate that the variation of sequences of items occurring in item sampling need not have a significant affect on test performance. 相似文献
45.
SIR JOHN DANIEL 《Higher Education in Europe》2003,28(1):21-26
What follows is the edited Keynote Address, delivered by Sir John Daniel, the Assistant Director-General for Education at UNESCO, at the opening ceremony of the UNESCO-CEPES International Jubilee Conference on "Higher Education in the Twenty-First Century: Its Role and Contribution to Our Common Advancement", Bucharest, 6-8 September 2002. The text briefly traces the history of the European Centre for Higher Education (UNESCO-CEPES) since its founding in 1972 and the involvement of the author in its activities, as of the 1980s, as a member of its Advisory Committee. He further evokes the involvement of UNESCO itself in education, particularly higher education, an involvement with roots stretching back to League of Nations days. UNESCO-CEPES, the vocation of which was to further co-operation in higher education across ideologically divided Europe, is now working in an entirely new context, both in Europe and worldwide. 相似文献
46.
DANIEL J. DELANEY 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1972,12(1):46-50
This article presents a behavioral model of supervisor behavior for the counseling practicum that involves supervisor, counselor, and client. Five identifiable stages in supervision are presented: (a) the initial session, (b) the development of a facilitative relationship, (c) goal identification and determination of supervisory procedures, (d) the use of supervisory techniques and procedures, and (e) termination and follow-up. This supervisory process between supervisor and counselor is related to the counseling process between counselor and client. 相似文献
47.
DANIEL LEE RANDOLPH KENNETH GRAUN BEVERLY FRATES 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1987,26(4):279-285
The authors describe a national, generic directory of bachelor's, master's, and doctoral internships for human service agencies. Internships are listed for the following types of human service agencies: community mental health, mental retardation, corrections, rehabilitation, and others. Each internship listing includes, by degree level, the following information: (a) number of internship positions available, (b) availability of stipends, (c) typical intern roles and functions emphasized and percentage of time spent in each, (d) length of internship, (e) major theoretical orientations of agency staff, and (f) prerequisite training and experiences. By degree level, the number of human services internship positions listed in the directory are as follows: bachelor's, 65; master's, 246; and doctoral, 163. 相似文献
48.
THE USE OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IN EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
DANIEL L. STUFFLEBEAM 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1971,8(4):267-274
Considerable controversy has existed concerning the utility of experimental design in educational evaluation. The polar positions are that experimental design has no utility in educational evaluation and that experimental design is the only valid evaluation strategy. This article examines these positions in terms of conceptualizations of evaluation according to the'LCIPP Evaluation Model "and of experimental design according to the "true comparative experiment." An alternative position including three main points is developed: (a) The methodology of educational evaluation includes much more than the methodology of experimental design; (b) Experimental design does have potential utility in the areas of input and product evaluation, but not within the areas of context and process evaluation; (c) The utility of experimental design can be increased by following a set of procedures that do not require the use of common criterion instruments and uniform decision rules for all students in an experiment; this allows judgment of a program in terms of the number of students for whom it was successful. 相似文献
49.
NINA DELLIGATTI ANGELEQUE AKIN‐LITTLE STEVEN G. LITTLE 《Psychology in the schools》2003,40(2):183-192
Current prevalence rates of Conduct Disorder (CD) in girls may be an underestimate due to inappropriate diagnostic criteria, biased perceptions by those responsible for reporting problematic behavior, and differential social constraints for each gender. Relatively few published studies of CD and related behaviors in girls exist. Available evidence suggests adolescent girls with CD have a poor outcome including early and violent death, arrest, substance abuse and dependence, antisocial personality disorder, failure to finish high school, pregnancy, sexual promiscuity, and contraction of sexually transmitted disease. Even with its relatively low, possibly underestimated prevalence rate in comparison with that of boys, CD has been found to be the second most common psychiatric disorder in adolescent girls. In addition to examining possible reasons for the lack of research on CD in girls, this article reviews possible risk factors and suggested assessment and intervention strategies for this population. Particular attention is paid to implications for practitioners in the school setting. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 40: 183–192, 2003. 相似文献
50.
DANIEL F. SHAPIRO 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2003,28(4):423-434
There is a movement in higher education to think of a curriculum less as a sequence of independent courses and more as a set of highly integrated learning and assessment experiences designed to help students develop clearly defined outcomes. This paper reports on a case study that illustrates how internal curriculum assessment processes used by an environmental science and policy department in an institution of higher education lead to the creation of an innovative tenure-track faculty line for someone whose primary activities and scholarship focus not on traditional disciplinary scholarship but instead on coordinating the holistic development of an integrated curriculum. This paper goes on to show how I, the person hired into this position, am facilitating the coordinated development of a senior thesis programme, a junior entry course into the major and a disciplinary writing programme for the purpose of developing a more integrated curriculum. 相似文献