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51.
This study investigated the instructional preferences of full time adult credential students after they took a live course
called Principles of Adult Education at California State University, Long Beach, (CSULB) in the fall semester of 2002. These
full time adult credential students had been working on their adult teaching credentials to meet the competencies specified
by the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. The course introduced students to Andragogy developed by Malcolm Knowles
out of the andragogical model, developed by Lindeman (1926). The study used Principles of Adult Learning Scales (PALS), advanced
by Gary Conti in 1983 to measure instructional preferences. Data were collected from 30 (100% of 30) full time adult credential
students enrolled in a live course to, determine their instructional preferences of helping adults learn. The results of the
study showed in most cases these adult learning professionals taught adult students andragogically: in some cases they taught
adult students pedagogically. 相似文献
52.
Privatisation,Decentralisation and Education in the United Kingdom: The Role of the State 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
David?TurnerEmail author 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2004,50(3-4):347-357
Since the early 1950s, the axis centralisation–decentralisation, especially as thematised in the work of Isaac Kandel, has represented a major focus of comparative studies in education. Kandel argued that issues relating to the internal conduct of the classroom (interna ) should, so far as possible, be decentralised, while issues relating to administration, school structure and organisation of the educational system (externa ) might safely be centralised. After 1988, successive governments in the United Kingdom have undertaken reforms which have placed more central control on the curriculum and even methods of teaching (interna ), while school finance and administration (externa ) have been devolved to the school level. The present essay argues that a simplistic approach to centralisation and decentralisation is not likely to be fruitful. Instead, we should acknowledge the role of the State in creating a permissive framework for educational systems. Local action can then be seen as part of a policy accommodating or resisting the implications of that framework. 相似文献
53.
It is said that “absence makes the heart grow fonder.” But, when and why does an absent event become salient to the heart or to the brain? An absent event may become salient when its nonoccurrence is surprising. Van Hamme and Wasserman (1994) found that a nonpresented but expected stimulus can actually change its associative status—and in the opposite direction from a presented stimulus. Associative models like that of Rescorla and Wagner (1972) focus only on presented cues; so, they cannot explain this result. However, absent cues can be permitted to change their value by assigning different learning parameters to present and absent cues. Van Hamme and Wasserman revised the Rescorla-Wagner model so that the α parameter is positive for present cues, but negative for absent cues; now, changes in the associative strength of absent cues move in the opposite direction as presented ones. This revised Rescorla-Wagner model can thus explain such otherwise vexing empirical findings as backward blocking, recovery from overshadowing, and backward conditioned inhibition. Moreover, the revised model predicts new effects. For example, explicit information about the absence of nonpresented cues should increase their salience (that is, their negative α value should be larger), leading to stronger associative changes than when no explicit mention is made of cue absence. Support for this prediction is detailed in a new causal judgment experiment in which participants rated the effectiveness of different foods’ triggering a patient’s allergic reaction. Overall, these and other findings encourage us to view human causal learning from an associative perspective. 相似文献
54.
We explored response rate as a possible mediator of learned stimulus equivalence. Five pigeons were trained to discriminate
four clip art pictures presented during a 10-sec discrete-trial fixed interval (FI) schedule: two paired with a one-pellet
reinforcer, which supported a low rate of responding, and two paired with a nine-pellet reinforcer, which supported a high
rate of responding. After subjects associated one stimulus from each of these pairs with a discriminative choice response,
researchers presented two new clip art stimuli during a 10-sec FI: one trained with a differential reinforcement of low rate
schedule (DRL) after the FI and the other trained with a differential reinforcement of high rate schedule (DRH) after the
FI. Each of the stimuli that were withheld during choice training was later shown to see if the choice responses would transfer
to these stimuli. The results suggest that response rate alone does not mediate learned stimulus equivalence. 相似文献
55.
This article introduces a research study on student model formation and development in introductory mechanics. As a point
of entry, I present a detailed analysis of the Long Decay Model of one-dimensional projectile motion. This model has been
articulated by Galileo (in De Motu) and by contemporary students. Implications for instruction are discussed.
Mark Lattery is an Associate Professor of Physics at the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. He holds a Ph.D. in experimental high-energy physics from the University of Minnesota. His current research interests include physics education and the history of physics. 相似文献
Mark Joseph LatteryEmail: |
Mark Lattery is an Associate Professor of Physics at the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. He holds a Ph.D. in experimental high-energy physics from the University of Minnesota. His current research interests include physics education and the history of physics. 相似文献
56.
药学无机化学教学方法改革初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文分析了无机化学课程体系和内容的现状,从教学方法、实验教学、教材建设、双语教学和改进教学水平等几个方面提出了一些对无机化学课程改革的想法和措施。 相似文献
57.
Debasis?GangulyEmail authorView authors OrcID profile Gareth?J.?F.?Jones Aarón?Ramírez-de-la-Cruz Gabriela?Ramírez-de-la-Rosa Esaú?Villatoro-Tello 《Information Retrieval》2018,21(1):1-23
Automatic detection of source code plagiarism is an important research field for both the commercial software industry and within the research community. Existing methods of plagiarism detection primarily involve exhaustive pairwise document comparison, which does not scale well for large software collections. To achieve scalability, we approach the problem from an information retrieval (IR) perspective. We retrieve a ranked list of candidate documents in response to a pseudo-query representation constructed from each source code document in the collection. The challenge in source code document retrieval is that the standard bag-of-words (BoW) representation model for such documents is likely to result in many false positives being retrieved, because of the use of identical programming language specific constructs and keywords. To address this problem, we make use of an abstract syntax tree (AST) representation of the source code documents. While the IR approach is efficient, it is essentially unsupervised in nature. To further improve its effectiveness, we apply a supervised classifier (pre-trained with features extracted from sample plagiarized source code pairs) on the top ranked retrieved documents. We report experiments on the SOCO-2014 dataset comprising 12K Java source files with almost 1M lines of code. Our experiments confirm that the AST based approach produces significantly better retrieval effectiveness than a standard BoW representation, i.e., the AST based approach is able to identify a higher number of plagiarized source code documents at top ranks in response to a query source code document. The supervised classifier, trained on features extracted from sample plagiarized source code pairs, is shown to effectively filter and thus further improve the ranked list of retrieved candidate plagiarized documents. 相似文献
58.
59.
谈谈植物学野外实习质量控制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在分析植物学野外实习教学质量存在问题的基础上,探讨了植物野外实习教学质量控制与管理的必要性,提出了植物野外实习教学质量控制与提高的途径及做法,以便植物实习管理、参与人员参考。 相似文献
60.
This paper addresses a neglected topic in the knowledge management literature: how the size of a network of actors affects the nature of intra-network social relations and knowledge processes. It makes a theoretical contribution to developing understanding in this area drawing on a range of literatures including practice-based perspectives on knowledge, the literature on the embeddedness of social relations, and relevant knowledge management literature. The central focus of this paper is on the relationship between network size, network density, and how these variables affect intra-network knowledge processes. It suggests that as network size increases network density is likely to decrease (as it becomes problematic for the actors in such networks to retain strong ties with a significant proportion of the network's members), which it will be suggested has significant ramifications for intra-network knowledge processes. This paper concludes by reflecting on the implications of the ideas developed for network-based forms of organizing, and innovation processes. 相似文献