Differing Map Construction and Text Organization and Their Effects on Retention

On the basis of Kulhavy's (R. W. Kulhavy, J. B. Lee, & L. C. Caterino, 1985) conjoint retention model of text learning with organized spatial displays, the authors conducted 2 experiments to analyze the effects of different types of maps and a considerate text (i.e., a text that follows the scanning pattern of the map) or an inconsiderate text. In the 1st study, 158 participants viewed an intact or a segmented map and a considerate or a randomized text. Those participants who viewed the intact map and read the considerate text recalled significantly more information than those who viewed the intact map and read the randomized text. In the 2nd study, 179 participants viewed a flat map, a 1-point perspective map, or a 2-point perspective map, and a considerate text formulated on the basis of the predicted scanning pattern of the map. Those participants who viewed the flat map recalled significantly more information than those who viewed the perspective maps.     

The Value of Performance in Physical Education Teacher Education

It is widely accepted that doping in sports is, by definition, cheating. If we allow that cheating is advantage-seeking behavior utilized by one party in an agreement-defined activity that disallows that behavior, then taking drugs when others do not is cheating. The focus of this definition is on the intentions and purpose of the actor, which is primarily about advantage seeking. This article will argue that the effect of anabolic steroid addiction on the volition of the actor caeteris paribus invalidates the adequacy of cheating to describe this behavior.     

SCHOOL AND READING

The purpose of this column is to keep religious educators abreast of the relevant significant research m the general field, of psychology. Its implications for methods and materials in religious education are clear. Religious educators may well take advantage of every new finding in scientific research.

Each abstract or group is preceded by an evaluation and interpretative comment, which aims to guide the reader in understanding the research reported.

All of these abstracts are from PSYCHOLOGICAL ABSTRACTS, and used by permission of that periodical. The abstract number is Volume 32, Number 1, February 1958.     

THE CHRISTIAN AND THE UNIVERSITY

“Life begins with fear of the unknown and, if it has been thoughtfully lived, ends with acknowledgment and self‐restraint.” K. Lange

“Why is it that God does not allow an organization to remain pure for more than one generation?” William Booth     

Is Concentrated Advantage the Cause? The Relative Contributions of Neighborhood Advantage and Disadvantage to Educational Inequality

Supported by persistent educational inequality and growth of the field of neighborhood effects research, this meta-analysis investigates the relative association of neighborhood advantage and disadvantage to educational outcomes; the consistency of associations across different educational indicators; and the moderating influence of model specifications within primary studies. Using multilevel statistical methodology, this synthesis finds that studies of the relationship between the presence of higher income neighbors and education outcomes produce effect-sizes that are more often significant; in keeping with the hypothesized direction of their effects; and of greater magnitude than similar investigations of low SES effects. These results appeared consistent after disaggregating the effect-sizes according to the type of educational indicator and controlling for differences in the specifications of the primary study models. A discussion of the findings, alternative hypotheses and implications for policy and research conclude the paper.     

An observer measure of compulsive communication

This research reports a study designed to assess the reliability and validity of an instrument measuring observers' reports of compulsive communication. The development of an observer report of compulsive communication is important for three reasons: to assess possible differences between self‐perceived and observer reports of the construct, to gain insight into the positive and negative reactions of others to talkaholics and to provide a method for giving feedback to talkaholics regarding their communication behavior. The observer measure, the TS — Observer Report, was found to be a reliable instrument. Correlations between the TS ‐ Observer Report and Talkaholic Scale (TS) and communication apprehension scores were significant; however, the correlation between the TS‐ Observer Report and Willingness to Communicate (WTC) was not significant.     

Learning More About How They Think: Information Literacy Instruction in a Campus-Wide Critical Thinking Project

ABSTRACT

Critical thinking and information literacy are strongly connected. At Washington State University, librarians have been involved with first-year experience programs and with a grant-funded critical thinking project that enhanced the library instruction and outreach efforts and has led to increased involvement with new initiatives on campus.     

Library development in Armenia: Problems and progress since the dissolution of the USSR

Abstract

The paper provides a situation report on the state of libraries and information services, publishing and bookselling in Armenia. It briefly describes their development, outlines the international development assistance that they have received during the last twenty years, describes their current situation, and indicates some of their future needs.     

Educational Technology and College Librarianship

ABSTRACT

The fields of educational technology and librarianship interact in many significant areas: information literacy, distance learning, the design and management of instructional materials, etc. Given the congruence of concerns between the two disciplines, it is illustrative to relate the historical development of the definition of educational technology to librarianship. This article surveys briefly the development of the definition of educational technology and the relationship of college librarianship to these developments. Finally, the study places an explanation of librarianship within the 2008 definition of educational technology promulgated by the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) and concludes that college librarianship is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate technological processes and resources of many formats.     

Print Media

Oscar Ogg, The 26 Letters (New York: Crowell, 1971—$7.50)

Douglass McMurtrie with the assistance of John Adamson (eds) The Invention of Printing: A Bibliography (New York: Burt Franklin, 1970—price not known)

Jim Allee Hart, Views on the News: The Developing Editorial Syndrome 1500-1800 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1970—$7.95)

Louis M. Lyons, Newspaper Story: One Hundred Years of the Boston Globe (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971—$9.95)

Michael L. Johnson, The New Journalism: The Underground Press, the Artists of Nonfiction, and Changes in the Established Media (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1971—$6.95/2.95)