学校规模调控的依据与改进对策

经济效益、教育效益和社会效益是学校规模调控中需要特别关注的基本要素。按照"可容忍"及教育效益和社会效益适度优先原则处理三者的复杂关系是确立合理学校规模的基本依据。适度控制超小规模学校,着力发展中、小规模学校,严格控制大规模学校,是调控我国学校规模的总原则。解决我国当前学校规模调控中突出问题的主要对策是:调整义务教育管理体制,从县级统筹提升到省、市级统筹,削弱县(区)政府盲目撤并学校的内在冲动;强化顶层设计,把学校规模纳入区域经济、社会和文化生态保护的总体规划中进行布局;完善支持学生、家长和社区其他公民表达诉求和参与决策的信息通道和制度保障体系;按照新的思路和原则对城乡学校的布局及学校和班级规模重新进行规划和调整;研究相应的应急预案和补偿性干预手段,减少大规模学校的负面影响。     

论教授治学的理念与实现路径

教授治学是我国现代大学重要的管理理念,体现了大学的学术本质、教授的办学主体作用和现代学术民主的思想。教授治学的落实既需要有发展比较成熟的大学学科专业、形成以学术为志业的教授群体、树立基于科学理性的共享治理精神等内在条件,又离不开宽松的大学文化环境、合理的大学资源配置以及制度化的学术权利保障等外在条件。通过充分认识其对于我国大学的重要意义、大胆探索各种行之有效的组织体制机制和建立彰显中国特色的教授治学体系等路径,可以实现教授治学,达到促进学术更快更好发展的目的。     

Metamotivational state and dominance: Links with EMG gradients during isokinetic leg extension and a test of the misfit effect

Although electromyographic (EMG) gradients have been observed in passive musculature during perceptual motor tasks, it is unclear whether this is related to metamotivational state or dominance. In addition, a misfit effect has been suggested whereby individuals report negative psychological responses when metamotivational state and dominance do not match. Research examining these phenomena within an exercise context is limited; therefore, this study used a reversal theory (Apter, 2001) framework to examine two hypotheses. The first hypothesis was that an EMG gradient would be observed when individuals performed isokinetic leg extensions in a telic metamotivational state, regardless of telic or paratelic metamotivational dominance. Second, it was hypothesizsed that telic-dominant individuals and paratelic-dominant individuals would perform better on this task when in the telic and paratelic state, respectively. Altogether, 14 telic-dominant and 12 paratelic-dominant individuals performed 100 self-paced isokinetic leg extensions at a rate of 90°?·?s(-1) in both telic and paratelic state manipulated conditions. Regardless of state, an EMG gradient was observed in telic-dominant individuals but not in paratelic-dominant individuals. Paratelic-dominant individuals performed better in the paratelic than the telic state condition, whereas in the telic state condition, telic-dominant individuals performed better than paratelic-dominant individuals. Findings add to the debate concerning the role of telic metamotivational state and dominance in the production of EMG gradients. Performance data support the misfit effect that outcomes are more positive when metamotivational state and dominance are congruent. Suggestions for research developments in this area are offered, as are tentative implications for applied practice.     

困境与出路：高校学习型党组织建设探要

文章基于湖南省某高校学习型党组织建设的调研分析,总结其在建设过程中做到“四个坚持”的基本经验,发现其在建设过程中的五个困境,并分析了影响高校学习型党组织建设成效的因素.针对高校学习型党组织建设五大困境,提出构建示范的学习领导机制、量化的目标管理机制、常态的学习监督机制、完善的学习考勤机制、明确的学习激励机制和科学的学习考核机制.