A modified TRIMP to quantify the in-season training load of team sport players

The aims of the study were to modify the training impulse (TRIMP) method of quantifying training load for use with intermittent team sports, and to examine the relationship between this modified TRIMP (TRIMP(MOD)) and changes in the physiological profile of team sport players during a competitive season. Eight male field hockey players, participating in the English Premier Division, took part in the study (mean+/-s: age 26+/-4 years, body mass 80.8+/-5.2 kg, stature 1.82+/-0.04 m). Participants performed three treadmill exercise tests at the start of the competitive season and mid-season: a submaximal test to establish the treadmill speed at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol . l(-1); a maximal incremental test to determine maximal oxygen uptake ([V]O(2max)) and peak running speed; and an all-out constant-load test to determine time to exhaustion. Heart rate was recorded during all training sessions and match-play, from which TRIMP(MOD) was calculated. Mean weekly TRIMP(MOD) was correlated with the change in [V]O(2max) and treadmill speed at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol x l(-1) from the start of to mid-season (P<0.05). The results suggest that TRIMP(MOD) is a means of quantifying training load in team sports and can be used to prescribe training for the maintenance or improvement of aerobic fitness during the competitive season.     

知识隐喻与教学转型

从知识隐喻的角度考察知识论历史演进的线索,我们可以看到:一切真正的知识都具有活动的、实践的性质,应当原原本本地看待“认知活动”。不过,这些知识的隐喻尽管凸现了“认知活动”的关系性,但依然没有从近代批判哲学所固有的认识论中解放出来。因此,传统的“客观主义”知识论固然是不可取的,现代的“主观主义”知识轮的局限性也不可轻视。立足于种种知识说给出的若干指标,考察我国的教育改革面临的问题,给予我们的启示是,素质教育的课堂教学需要克服两种片面性:既不能无视儿童已有的知识体系,单向地灌输知识;也不能走向轻视概念性知识、无视知识结构化的体验主义教育。     

高等学校战略管理的若干基本问题

我国高等教育正处于多样化时代和利益相关者时代。在这种背景下,战略管理就成为当代高等教育发展的重要手段和工具,高校战略管理研究也成为一个比较新的研究领域。高校战略管理与企业战略管理、战略管理与面对现实、战略管理与资源依赖方式、战略规划与战略实施、战略管理与教育营销、战略管理与跨越式发展、战略管理与大学领导群体、战略管理与大学利益相关者、战略管理与大学管理文化、战略管理与大学经营诸关系是高等学校战略管理的基本问题,其协调有序是高校健康发展的保障。     

论课堂的生态本质、特征及功能

把生态学原理和方法运用到教学研究中,对构建真实的课堂,而不是一个经过筛选的虚假的环境,具有重要的方法论意义。课堂是一个生态系统,它由教师、学生、教学事件和环境等组成,与自然生态相比,课堂是一种特殊的生态。课堂生态主体与课堂生态环境、课堂生态主体与课堂生态主体之间发生着各种各样的联系,使课堂形成一个有机的生态整体。生态化的课堂是充满着生机与活力的课堂,这样的课堂具有整体性、协变性和共生性等基本特征,发挥着滋养、环境参照、动力促进和制度规范等生态功能。     

中央苏区廉政教育经验与当代大学生廉政文化教育

在中央苏区开展的以理想信念为核心的革命理论教育、党内民主与政策教育、反腐专项斗争与防腐专项教育相结合、加强反腐防腐制度的宣传教育、干部廉政作风率先垂范是中国共产党在廉政教育中的宝贵资源,具有本源性教育功用和德育时代价值。总结提炼苏区廉政教育经验,运用其廉政文化教育价值,对推进当代大学生的廉政信念、廉政精神、廉政价值观、廉政制度、廉洁作风教育具有重要的意义。     

Concerned Technology

Abstract

In May 1988 UNESCO set up a Regional Seminar ‐‐ ‘New Technologies for Handicapped in Special Education’ ‐‐at the Wenner‐Gren Centre at Sveavagen in Stockholm, Sweden. This short paper reflects initial draft statements on the conference and is included here to identify the extent of common apprehensions and expectations. It covers the areas of information services, studies and research activities, international co‐operation through staff exchanges and conference activities, and looks briefly at future trends.     

Diversity in the Information Seeking Behaviour of the Virtual Scholar: Institutional Comparisons

The logs of four universities using the OhioLINK journal system were evaluated for a period of fifteen months using deep log analysis methods in order to compare and contrast the information seeking behaviour of their users. Large differences were found, especially between the research and teaching universities. Methodological problems associated with making the comparisons are discussed in some detail especially in terms of defining online sessions.