关于学科本质的再认识

学科是知识形态、活动形态和组织形态的统一体,是主体为了教育或发展的需要,通过自身认知结构与客体结构的互动而形成的一种既有利于知识的传授又有利于知识创新的组织体系。学科的知识形态是学科的核心,学科的活动形态是学科的基础,学科的组织形态是学科的表现形式,学科的活动形态和组织形态是与学科的知识形态这一本质属性有联系的非本质属性。基于对学科本质的认识,学科的建设与改革应包括学科知识、学科活动和学科组织的建设与改革三个方面。     

教育理论建设中的类比问题

"类比"就是以相似性为基础,建立事物之间的关联。类比这种思维和推论方式在教育理论建设中具有重要的作用。传统的教育理论在运用类比进行论述时,一般会选择直观清晰的对象作为源域,而当下的教育理论建设中则存在相反的情况。源域和目标域之间相似性的发现可以采用不同的进路,它们各自影响着教育理论的展开。运用类比进行理论建设,本质上不是要制造实在的知识,而是要促进意义理解、进行有效的对话、扩展经验的范围。     

知识的普适性与境域性:课程的视角

知识有普适性与境域性之别。普适性知识是世界范围内各民族国家共同承认的知识体系,是目前占主流地位的科学知识。境域性知识是指地方性知识、情境性知识及缄默性知识等,它是特定人文情境与范围内有价值的知识。普适性知识由境域性知识发展完善而形成,境域性知识有其自身独特的价值与生命活力,二者相互支持。与普适性知识相应的课程是主流文化中心课程,它统治着整个课程世界,并成为各国国家课程的核心;与境域性知识相应的课程是地方课程和校本课程,它们正在补充着国家课程的不足。     

Social media listening and Title IX training crisis: Implications for discourse of renewal

Courses: Undergraduate or graduate organizational/crisis communication or public relations courses

Objective: The goal for this single class activity is for students to apply discourse of renewal to an organizational crisis fueled through social media.     

Acoustic Characteristics of Naturally Occurring Cries of Infants with "Colic"

Although infantile colic has long been defined by a perceived excessive amount of crying, acoustic attributes of the cry sound may also contribute to perceptions that this early social behavior is excessive or problematic. From an original sample of 76 infants (38 infants referred to physicians for problematic crying, or "colic," and 38 pair-matched comparison infants), 48 infants who produced naturally occurring cry bouts both before and after an evening feeding were studied: 11 infants with Wessel's colic, 15 infants with non-Wessel's colic, and 22 comparison infants. Standard and vociferous cry segments were selected from up to 2 min of tape-recorded crying for spectrum analysis. Vociferous cry segments had a longer duration, a higher fundamental frequency, and a greater percentage of dysphonation than did standard segments. No differences between infant groups were found in cries before feeding. After feeding, infants who were problematic criers, independent of Wessel's criteria, showed a greater percentage of dysphonation in the vociferous cry segment than did comparison infants. This finding resulted from a decrease in dysphonation in the cries of comparison infants after feeding and an increase in those of infants with non-Wessel's colic. The dominant frequency also increased after feeding in the vociferous cries of infants with Wessel's colic, resulting in these infants having higher-pitched cries after feeding than infants in the other 2 groups. Results indicate that infants who are perceived to have problematic crying have objectively different acoustic features in their cry sounds that are particularly aversive, and that complaints about excessive crying cannot be accounted for simply on the basis of reporting bias in overly concerned or emotionally labile parents.     

发展性评估与普通高中的转型性变革

发展性学校评估是为了学校发展、关于学校发展和在学校发展中进行的评估。从"示范性高中评估"向"发展性高中评估"的转变,不是一种评估模式对另一种评估模式的取代,而是多元化评估制度的创造性生成。普通高中发展是高中整体性进步的过程,但核心是学校的价值提升与能力成长。为了促进普通高中的转型性变革,新的发展性评估指标体系凸显了"评估标准+评估指标(价值观+能力+绩效)+自我定义"的过程取向,提出了"价值观指标"、"行动性指标"和"自定义指标"新概念,倡导一种以积聚力量为核心的"保旧立新"学校发展策略。