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31.
Prof. Dr. Yasuo Imai 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2011,14(3):489-500
Discussions concerning ??literacy?? make it clear that the domain of language has become a focal point for educational policy. In such discussions, language is primarily treated as a basic communication tool. This paper examines, from a philosophical perspective, how appropriate this approach to language is. The philosophical validity of this dominant tendency is analyzed with reference to the work of Wilhelm von Humboldt, Nietzsche, and Wittgenstein. Once the stable relationship conceived by Humboldt among the individual, language, and the world is lost, education displays its more distinctive features, which we see clearly in Nietzsche and Wittgenstein. Both of these philosophers focused their investigation on the rhetorical or performative aspects of language. In contrast to Nietzsche, however, Wittgenstein did not abandon the hope of finding in language the function of showing reality, even if what is said and what is shown remain incongruent. This perspective in Wittgenstein is salient against the dominant tendency, in which the mediating function of language is sought in the dimension of conformity and usefulness. 相似文献
32.
Dr. Josef Leidenfrost 《Zeitschrift für Hochschulrecht, Hochschulmanagement und Hochschulpolitik: zfhr》2011,10(4):117-138
Bereits 1997 ist im damaligen Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Verkehr die Studierendenanwaltschaft, ?hnlich wie andere
Sonderanwaltschaften des Bundes, eingerichtet worden. Mit der Einführung von Studiengebühren an Universit?ten und Fachhochschulen
2001 wurden ihre Agenden von einer reinen Informations- auf eine ministerielle Beschwerdestelle zur Meldung und Behebung von
Missst?nden und Unzul?nglichkeiten ausgeweitet. Nach zehn Jahren T?tigkeit zeigen die Erfahrungen aus dem Alltag, dass überwiegend
informelle Individualhilfe im Vordergrund der T?tigkeit dieser Einrichtung steht. Systemm?ngel sind schwerer zu beheben, da
solche meist ressourcenbedingt oder mit einander konkurrierenden gesetzlichen Regelungen verbunden sind und es keine festgelegten
Normen des Einschreitens innerhalb der offiziellen Rechtsaufsicht des Ministeriums gibt. L?sungen sind von der Kooperationsbereitschaft
der Verantwortlichen vor Ort abh?ngig. 相似文献
33.
Michael E. Lamb Irit Hershkowitz Kathleen J. Sternberg Barbara Boat Mark D. Everson 《Child abuse & neglect》1996,20(12):1251-1259
Verbal and nonverbal responses by alleged victims of child sexual abuse were coded for length, amount of information, and the manner in which they were elicited by the interviewer. In 16 of the interviews, anatomical dolls were employed for the purposes of demonstration, whereas they were not used in another eight cases matched with respect to other characteristics of the children and the alleged events. Children interviewed with dolls provided an equivalent number of details and spoke as many words in the substantive portion of the interview as did children interviewed without dolls, and interviewers in the two groups used similar probes to elicit information. However, the average responses by the children were significantly longer and more detailed when dolls were not used. Children gave longer and more detailed responses to open-ended invitations when dolls were not used. Caution is necessary when interpreting these findings. 相似文献
34.
This study used an ecological framework to examine predictors of delinquent behaviors among 91 sixth-grade Latino youth. Both proximal and distal contextual factors were assessed to determine their impact on various forms of delinquency, such as violent behaviors, violent thoughts, substance abuse, and general delinquency (e.g., skipping school). Attitudes toward school, mobility (number of moves to new schools and neighborhoods), and exposure to community violence were distal variables, whereas attachment to parents and attachment to peers were considered more proximal variables. Environmental experiences or exposure to distressing community violence was the strongest predictor of delinquent outcomes. The results were discussed in terms of school officials' developing linkages with the community to promote safe environments for youth. 相似文献
35.
The partial-reinforcement extinction effect was demonstrated at 4–5 days of age in the precocial guinea pig and was related to the appearance of this effect at 12–14 days in the altricial rat. We suggest that the maturity of the septohippocampal system at birth in the guinea pig, relative to the immaturity of this system in the rat, is a possible basis for this difference. 相似文献
36.
Katharine Pace Miles Mark D. Lauterbach Dana M. Murano Ginny A. Dembek 《The Journal of educational research》2019,112(2):255-269
The authors examined whether Reading Rescue continues to be an effective literacy intervention and factors that impact its effectiveness. Data were collected on 143 first-grade students, tutored by 104 tutors at 38 schools. There was significant growth on all foundational skills (ps?.001) and significant change in proportion of students attaining grade-level reading status pre- and postintervention (ps?.001; d?=?1.62 sight words, d?=?1.68 oral reading/comprehension). Student-level factors of Individualized Education Program status, program completion, number of session, and invented spelling; tutor-level factors of sessions delivered and years of experience; school level factors of school size and percentage of language minority students all predicted grade-level passage or word reading (all ps?.05). Findings indicate Reading Rescue continues to be highly effective, even while expanding substantially as a program since Ehri et al.’s (2007) study. Efforts should focus on ensuring program completion and increasing program exposure in neediest schools. 相似文献
37.
Sophie H. Cormack Laurence A. Eagle Mark S. Davies 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2020,45(7):1046-1059
AbstractMany studies have found a relationship between students’ self-reported procrastination and their grades. Few studies have used learning analytic data as a behavioural measure of procrastination in order to predict performance, and there is no systematic research on how this relationship may differ across assessments or disciplines. In this study we analyse nine years’ worth of institutional electronic submission records, a total of 73,608 assignment submissions, to examine the relationship between submission time and grades across assignments, students, courses, and disciplines in higher education. A significant negative relationship was found overall, with students who submitted closer to the deadline obtaining lower grades, however the size of the relationship was negligible, accounting for less than 1% of the variance in grades. The relationship varied significantly depending on student, assignment, course and discipline. 相似文献
38.
Mark D. Hawthorne 《Technical Communication Quarterly》2001,10(3):341-355
Applying abstract ethical principles to the practical business of building a code of applied ethics for a technical communication department teaches students that they share certain unarticulated or even unconscious values that they can translate into ethical principles. Combining abstract theory with practical policy writing can teach technical communication students to become increasingly aware of ethical actions without restricting ethics solely to abstractions or rules. 相似文献
39.
Mark D. Holder 《Learning & behavior》1988,16(2):231-234
In many publications, Sjödén, Archer, and their colleagues have studied conditioned taste aversions and found that in addition to taste, the bottle and/or spout containing a solution exerts strong control over the expression of an aversion. For example, Sjödén and Archer claim that this bottle stimulus will support a bottle-illness association even with long delays between the bottle and illness and after only a single conditioning trial. They have interpreted their results as indicating that contextual effects are important in taste-aversion learning. However, a confound in their procedure, stemming from the bottles they used, could explain their results in a simple way. Sjödén and Archer have emphasized that the bottle stimuli they used to distinguish between contexts consisted of one of two different sizes of drinking spouts, the larger of which made a clicking noise when licked. However, the larger spouts were always attached to plastic bottles and the smaller spouts were always attached to glass bottles. If discriminable tastes from the plastic bottles existed, then taste may have been inadvertently manipulated. Support for the likelihood of a plastic taste includes the seminal work on taste-aversion learning that stemmed from the serendipitous use of plastic bottles in the cage that rats were irradiated in and glass bottles in the home cages (see Garcia, McGowan, & Green, 1972). In these early demonstrations, rats learned to avoid the taste of water in the plastic bottles but not the taste of water in the glass bottles. 相似文献
40.
Dr. Robert P. Engvall Ph.D. 《The Urban Review》1995,27(3):251-261
In these times of tight budgets and political intoleance for taxation, public schools, particularly urban public schools,
will continually have to look for ways in which to spend less while dealing with ever-increasing societal problems. While
the ability of schools to improve the overal “product” with less resources is highly suspect, this article addresses one way
in which spending less might actually improve school perfomance.
The best planners in the best schools should be the administration, techers, students, parents, and the comminitu at large,
and not outside esxperts hired to improve a school's “comprehensive” or “strategic” plan. By forcing the segments of the public
that have the largest stake in the educational outcomes of schools to work together to plan for the future, schools will improve
the efficacy of their staffs, their students, and allow parents the self-satisfaction of playing an important role in their
children's education. An improtant side effect of such a method may be an increasing awareness by the public of the difficulties
that schools face, and perhaps a better understanding of the important need for higher expenditures.
His research interests include professionalism, collective bargaining, and educational reform. His articles have appeared
inPeople and Education, and a recent article has been aceepted for publication in theJournal of Collective Negotiations in the Public Sector. 相似文献