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61.
Susanne C. Monahan Christy M. Buchanan Eleanor E. Maccoby Sanford M. Dornbusch 《Child development》1993,64(1):152-168
Sibling differences in family processes and individual adjustment were examined for 133 sibling pairs (10–18 years old) in divorced families. Although all siblings differed, siblings who lived apart after their parents' divorce differed more than siblings who lived together, contradicting past research that found negligible effects of shared environment on sibling similarities. The possibility that siblings might live apart because they were initially more different was considered. This hypothesis was not supported in the limited tests permitted by the data. Differences in family processes were associated with differences in adjustment for pairs who lived together as well as pairs who lived apart. 相似文献
62.
63.
John H. Flavell Donna L. Mumme Frances L. Green Eleanor R. Flavell 《Child development》1992,63(4):960-977
The purpose of this investigation was to see whether children's understandings of different types of beliefs develop concurrently. Children of 3, 4, and 5 years of age were told or shown that child story characters held beliefs different from their own or from one another, not only concerning matters of physical fact ("false beliefs"), but also concerning morality, social convention, value, and ownership of property. In contrast to the older subjects, most 3-year-olds had difficulty in attributing to others deviant beliefs of all types, except perhaps ownership, sometimes even after having been told repeatedly what the other child believed. In addition, intercorrelations among different belief tasks were positive and substantial. It was suggested that an emerging representational conception of the mind is what enables older preschoolers to understand the possibility of belief differences of all these types. 相似文献
64.
Barba Marianne P. Carrolton Eleanor T. Yeaw Evelyn M. J. 《Innovative Higher Education》1985,9(2):121-127
Innovative Higher Education - This article presents portfolio as one alternate approach to assessment of prior learning as a means for placement of registered nurses in a large baccalaureate... 相似文献
65.
Commentary is provided on 2 papers published in this issue, which suggest some risks in nonmaternal or out-of-home care (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD] Early Child Care Research Network, this issue; Watamura, Donzella, Alwin, & Gunnar, this issue). In light of the findings, 2 child care policy options are examined: first, support for in-home care in the early years; and second, changes in the nature of out-of-home care. From ethnographic and experimental research, it is argued that out-of-home pre-elementary care can contribute positively to social development if it emphasizes (a) children's attachment to school and peer group, (b) constructivist rather than didactic learning, (c) intrinsic and internalized motivation, and (4) group structures that support social development. 相似文献
66.
This study used a nationally representative sample of African American and Caribbean Black adolescent females to examine the relation between perceived pubertal timing relative to peers and discriminatory experiences. Participants included the 607 girls who participated in the National Survey of American Life-Adolescent (NSAL-A), and ranged in age from 13 to 17. Most African American girls perceived their development as on-time relative to their same-aged peers; whereas the majority of Caribbean Black girls perceived their development as earlier than their same-aged peers. The results indicated that girls who perceived that their pubertal development was earlier than their same-aged peers reported more general and racial discrimination experiences. 相似文献
67.
The purpose of this exploratory study was to use a teaching as problem solving perspective to examine the components of metacognition underlying the instructional practice of seven experienced and seven beginning teachers of secondary school mathematics. A metacognitive framework was developed to examine the thoughts of teachers before, during and after lesson enactments. Data were obtained through observations, lesson plans, videotapes, and audiotapes of structured interviews during the course of one semester. Data analysis suggests that the metacognition of teachers plays a well-defined role in classroom practice. These findings provide useful insights for researchers and teacher educators in their preservice and inservice mathematics programs. 相似文献
68.
ABSTRACT This article assesses the policy strategy for local management of schools in Victoria, Australia within the high involvement framework for creating high performance organizations. The high involvement framework as adapted to education hypothesizes that a decentralized strategy for improving educational performance requires decentralizing four key resources: power over the budget and personnel functions; information about revenues, expenditures, costs and best practices; knowledge and skills including both technical and business knowledge; and rewards including compensation and other incentives. The framework also includes an instructional guidance framework of curriculum standards and student assessment to those standards, and facilitative principal leadership. Based on two years of data collection at both the state and school levels, focusing on governance, management, finance, and curriculum and instruction, the study found that Victoria's Schools of the Future ranked high on all six variables, and that the decentralization process was working smoothly and major changes were being made in curriculum and instruction when school sites also ranked high on the six variables 相似文献
69.
The article traces the career of Frederick G. Kilgour (1914–2006), who is widely recognized as one of the leading figures in 20th-century librarianship. He founded the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC) and from 1967 to 1981 was its first president and chief executive officer, presiding over OCLC's rapid growth from an intrastate network to an international network. In 1971, under Kilgour's leadership, OCLC introduced an online shared cataloging system and an online union catalog (WorldCat) that is today the world's foremost bibliographic database. In 1978, he created the OCLC Office of Research, and in 1979, under his direction, OCLC launched its online interlibrary loan system. The author of 205 scholarly papers, Kilgour received numerous awards and honors over the course a career that took him from Harvard University Library, to the Office of Strategic Services in World War II, to Yale Medical Library, to OCLC, and finally, to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he spent his final years on the faculty of the School of Information and Library Science as a Distinguished Research Professor. 相似文献
70.
Frank W. Oglesbee Chris Sterling Eleanor Block Michael C. Keith 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(4):55-57
EXHIBITING ELECTRICITY by K.G. Beauchamp (IEEE “History of Technology Series No. 21,”; IEEE Publishing and Information Services, 445 Hoes Lane, PO Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855–1331—$85.00, ISBN 0–85296–895–7, 338 pp., photos, diagrams, tables, references, index) WCFL: CHICAGO'S VOICE OF LABOR 1926–78 by Nathan Godfried (Urbana: University of Illinois Press “History of Communication Series,”; 1997— $49.95/19.95, ISBN 0–252–02287–4 hard, 0–252–06592–1 paper, 390 pp., photos, notes, bibliography, index) THE MAN IN THE SHADOWS: FRED COE AND THE GOLDEN AGE OF TELEVISION by Jon Krampner (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1997—$32.95, ISBN 0–8135–2359–1, 243 pp., photos, notes, bibliography, appendices, index) SPECIAL EDITION: A GUIDE TO NETWORK TELEVISION DOCUMENTARY SERIES AND SPECIAL NEWS REPORTS, 1980–1989 by Daniel Einstein (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1997‐$110.00, ISBN 0–8108–3220–8,928 pp., several indexes) TECHNOLOGIES OF SEEING: PHOTOGRAPHY, CINEMATOGRAPHY AND TELEVISION by Brian Winston (London: British Film Institute/ Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996—$49.95/24.95, ISBN0–85170–601–0 hard, 0–85170–602–9 paper, 176 pp., diagrams, notes, index) RADIO VOICES: AMERICAN BROADCASTING, 1922–1952 by Michelle Hilmes (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997‐$49.95/19.95, ISBN 0–8166–2620–0 hard, 0–8166–2621–9 paper, 353 pp., photos, notes, index) WRITTEN OUT OF TELEVISION: THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CAST CHANGES AND CHARACTER REPLACEMENTS, 1945–1994 by Steven Lance (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1996—$89.50, ISBN 0–8108–2902–9, 528 pp., photos, index) A REPORTER'S LIFE by Walter Cronkite (New York: Knopf, 1996— $26.95, ISBN 0–394–57879–1, 384 pp., photos) 相似文献