《海上钢琴师》的叙事结构及其意义

本文运用叙事学方法对电影《海上钢琴师》进行分析研究。该电影运用预序、迟序、顺序、兼序等叙事方式,先后展现了四组对立矛盾关系：陆地与海洋、流俗与叛逆、欲望与无欲、动摇与坚守。电影从＂坚守＂这一主题出发,对人生面临的各种选择进行了追问。     

Impact of the Friendly Schools whole-school intervention on transition to secondary school and adolescent bullying behaviour

Peer bullying increases in times of school transition, influenced by changing peer and friendship groups, new schooling environments and greater stress. Covert forms of bullying, including cyberbullying, become more common in secondary school and cause considerable distress and long-term harm. The period of transition to secondary school is therefore a critical window for intervening to manage and prevent bullying. A three-year cluster randomised control trial was conducted to develop, implement and evaluate the Friendly Schools Project intervention which aimed to reduce bullying and aggression among more than 3,000 students who had recently transitioned to secondary school. Intervention schools were provided with individualised training and resources to support students’ transition and reduce bullying using a multi-level comprehensive intervention addressing classroom curriculum, school policies and procedures, the social and physical environment, pastoral care approaches and school-home-community links. Although the observed effect sizes were small, the intervention had a consistently significant positive effect across a range of outcomes, including bullying perpetration, victimisation, depression, anxiety, stress, feelings of loneliness and perceptions of school safety at the end of the students’ first year in secondary school. However, none of these differences were sustained into the students’ second year of secondary school. These findings demonstrate the immediate value of whole-school interventions to reduce bullying behaviour and associated harms among students who have recently transitioned to secondary school, as well as the need to provide strategies that continue to support students as they progress through school, to sustain these effects.     

裕固族学校教育功能的社会人类学分析

在田野调查和有关文献分析的基础上,对裕固族学校教育功能进行较为深入的、整体性的社会人类学分析后发现:裕固族学校教育应该有两个基本的功能,一是传授现代社会主流文化知识,促进社区发展,使学习者适应主流社会生活,并通过筛选和分配实现向上的社会流动;二是传承本民族文化,使学习者通过文化濡化适应所在社区生活,从而维系民族认同和所在社区的存在与稳定。