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41.
To examine the development of look duration as a function of age and stimulus type, 14- to 52-week-old infants were shown static and dynamic versions of faces, Sesame Street material, and achromatic patterns for 20 s of accumulated looking. Heart rate was recorded during looking and parsed into stimulus orienting, sustained attention, and attention termination phases. Infants' peak look durations indicated that prior to 26 weeks there was a linear decrease with age for all stimuli. Older infants' look durations continued to decline for patterns but increased for Sesame Street and faces. Measures of heart rate change during sustained attention and the proportion of time spent in each phase of attention confirmed infants' greater engagement with the more complex stimuli. 相似文献
42.
Graham R. Daniel Greg Auhl Wendy Hastings 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》2013,41(2):159-172
Teaching has been described as an emerging community of practice. Within such professional communities, the processes of reflection and collaborative dialogue, or critical transformative dialogue, are central to the maintenance and improvement of professional practice for individuals, and the field. This paper reports on the challenges experienced by a group of first-year pre-service teachers engaging in a process of reflection and critique with peers, as they participated in a program focused on the development of core practices of teaching. These pre-service teachers' responses indicated their growing understanding of the importance of engaging in ongoing critical dialogue, as part of the “unnatural” aspects of teaching. The paper concludes with a reflection on the value of feedback from the earliest stages of professional learning. 相似文献
43.
Tony Harland Rachel A. Spronken-Smith Katharine J. M. Dickinson Neil Pickering 《Teaching in Higher Education》2013,18(1):93-106
This article aims to stimulate debate about the nature of field courses in higher education. We use a colloquium format that allows each of us to reflect on the philosophy of field course teaching and our writing endeavours to establish a dialogue between the authors and leave the reader with a sense of curiosity. It starts with a position paper that sets out a particular viewpoint on field courses to which responses were invited. Two of the respondents were experienced field-course teachers in disciplines traditionally associated with this type of curriculum, the other a lecturer in a non-field-course-oriented discipline. 相似文献
44.
In this paper we discuss the notion of the digital divide and link it with recent policy designed to promote social inclusion in a project that addressed both issues. Families in low socio economic areas of Australia were given computers and Internet access as part of a project that had as its primary aim to support the participation of disadvantaged families in digital activities at home and in schools. The authors collected data over a period of 3 years that included, pre and post surveys with parents and students, interviews with program facilitators, and focus groups with parents. This paper focuses on selected themes that emerged from the interview and focus group data with the parents and explores the ways in which they perceived having the computer had impacted on their lives and those of their school aged children. This data (surveys, interviews and focus groups) reveals that all family members felt that the ownership of a computer enabled them to feel more confident about their active participation in everyday educational, social and community activities. Parents, teachers and students also reported that owning a computer was important to their lives yet they were not naïve to the fact that they still had a lot to learn in terms of using all the options available to them on the computer. Students noted the increased ease with which they could complete school work and communicate with friends in online contexts and outlined some of the ways in which they used the computer for leisure activities. Parents highlighted the increase in their own digital skill levels and described the ways in which their lives had benefitted from having a computer in the home. Problems associated with connectivity at the beginning of the project, the quality of the machines and inadequate initial training were listed as drawbacks to greater participation. The project represents one attempt to address the digital divide and illustrates how going beyond the dichotomy of a ‘haves’ v ‘have nots’ view of the digital divide is necessary if we want to promote social inclusion. 相似文献
45.
Jennifer L. Brace Rachael R. Baiduc Denise L. Drane Luke C. Flores Greg J. Beitel 《Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning》2013,21(4):377-399
ABSTRACTUndergraduate research experience has been shown to enhance student learning and improve persistence in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Researchers studying undergraduate research experiences have largely focused on student outcomes and have seldom investigated the outcomes of graduate and postdoctoral mentors. Here, we report a non-credit, year-long mentor professional development program designed for graduate students, postdoctoral scholars, and research staff in STEM. Mentors attended a series of six interactive and discussion-based workshops and mentored first-year undergraduate students in independent summer research projects. We report evaluation findings for three mentor cohorts using a combination of qualitative analysis of mentoring philosophies and quantitative assessment of pre- and post-surveys about mentoring objectives and skills. Results indicate that mentors gained self-efficacy in some objectives and skills. However, many other objectives and skills remained unchanged. We explore possible explanations for the lack of more broad-scale gains across survey items and present ideas for program improvement. 相似文献
46.
Greg V. Michalski 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(9):811-826
Excessive course attrition is costly to both the student and the institution. While most institutions have systems to quantify and report the numbers, far less attention is typically paid to each student’s reason(s) for withdrawal. In this case study, text analytics was used to analyze a large set of open-ended written comments in which students explained their reason(s) for course withdrawal in their own words. The text for all comments was extracted verbatim from the course withdrawals database of Florida State College at Jacksonville, a large, diverse, multicampus institution located in northeast Florida. An initial set of 616 comment records from the beginning of the fall 2010 term was used to develop a preliminary text analytics model. This model revealed 11 major category nodes and successfully classified 96.1% of all withdrawal records into one or more categories. The model was retained and further tested using a second set of 679 records from the spring 2011 term and found to successfully classify 98.7% of the spring records. At the broadest level, withdrawal explanations were found to include both academic and nonacademic student rationales. Leading academic rationales involve course scheduling adjustments, delivery method preference changes (e.g., classroom vs. online), and faculty related reasons. Leading nonacademic rationales include personal issues especially involving job/work, family, financial, and health matters. The limitations of the study along with implications for practice, administrative decision making, and future directions for the expanded use of text analytics in institutional research are discussed. 相似文献
47.
48.
Greg Conderman Toni Van Laarhoven Jesse Johnson Lisa Liberty 《Support for Learning》2021,36(4):664-677
Students with disabilities typically experience academic, social, and behavioural challenges in school. Some of these students also often experience anxiety and stress associated with school situations and events. Wearable technologies are an emerging innovation in the United States that can support students with disabilities during stressful academic or social situations. This article discusses issues associated with wearables, offers questions to consider when considering a wearable device for a student, and describes several wearable technologies for students with disabilities. 相似文献
49.
50.
Benjamin Xie Dastyni Loksa Greg L. Nelson Matthew J. Davidson Dongsheng Dong Harrison Kwik 《Computer Science Education》2019,29(2-3):205-253
ABSTRACTBackground and Context: Current introductory instruction fails to identify, structure, and sequence the many skills involved in programming.Objective: We proposed a theory which identifies four distinct skills that novices learn incrementally. These skills are tracing, writing syntax, comprehending templates (reusable abstractions of programming knowledge), and writing code with templates. We theorized that explicit instruction of these skills decreases cognitive demand.Method: We conducted an exploratory mixed-methods study and compared students’ exercise completion rates, error rates, ability to explain code, and engagement when learning to program. We compared material that reflects this theory to more traditional material that does not distinguish between skills.Findings: Teaching skills incrementally resulted in improved completion rate on practice exercises, and decreased error rate and improved understanding of the post-test.Implications: By structuring programming skills such that they can be taught explicitly and incrementally, we can inform instructional design and improve future research on understanding how novice programmers develop understanding. 相似文献