Behavior and emotional problems among Jamaican children and adolescents: an epidemiological survey of parent, teacher, and self-reports for ages 6–18 years

The study compared general population samples of Jamaican children ages 6–18 years, via Jamaican versions of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) parent-, teacher-, and self-report forms. Repeated measures ANOVAs with informant as a repeated measures factor, assessed base-rate problem score differences according to children’s area of residence (i.e., urban vs rural), gender, and age. No between subjects residence effects emerged for total problem score. However, adolescents self-reported higher total problem scores compared to the ratings they received from their parents and teachers. No gender total problem score effects emerged for any of the three informants, but girls received higher internalizing, and Somatic Complaints scores. Similar total problem scores across genders, and the high ratio of boys to girls in clinic samples suggest that Jamaican girls may not be receiving adequate services. Age X within subjects interactions revealed higher teacher reported problem scores for young adolescents, reflecting possible developmental changes within the classroom context and teachers’ low thresholds toward these problems. The d statistic revealed base rate syndrome, internalizing, externalizing, and total problem score differences in most Jamaican vs US sub-samples. In addition to the non-CBCL problems observed in earlier studies, these findings clearly indicate a need to ascertain syndrome structure and other psychometric properties of the Jamaican instruments.     

江苏成年人体育生活部分情况的调查与分析

为进一步了解我省成年人体育锻炼及其相关情况,１９９７年９月至１１月间,大规模地向全省五类成年人群（农民、工人、商业、科技与管理）,发放了四万份七个方面问题的“问卷调查表”,最终回收３９１９７个样本量。运用ＳＰＳＳ统计软件,经Ｔ检验和Ｆ检验,各类人群与各年龄段回答的百分率,均具有显著性差异。调查结果为;;锻炼人群年龄的中间冷、两头热的现象十分明显,人们主要是在免费的体育场所、公路和街道上进行长跑、长走和做健身操舞为主的有氧运动,通常锻炼的形式是在业余时间自发进行,每月１０元以下进行小额体育消费人数较多,工作忙无时间锻炼是影响成年人参加锻炼的主要原因。根据调查结果,建议：①加大体育的社会舆论宣传、②加强体育场所（地）的基础建设和法制管理。③重视中青年人群的体育工作的体质状况。④引导群众进行健康投资。⑤加强科学健身的指导工作。     

Recent progress in the plastic methods of structural analysis

The techniques described in Part I of this paper for the calculation of plastic failure loads under proportional loading are further exemplified by indicating solutions for a rectangular building frame, a Vierendeel girder, and a shed-type portal frame. A method for estimating deflections of a frame just as the collapse load is attained is then described, with some indications as to its reliability. More general conditions of loading than proportional loading are next discussed, and generalized load and failure concepts are defined. The theorems and techniques for determining critical shakedown loads under variable, repeated loading are then described and illustrated. The relation of the elastic-plastic shakedown analysis to the much simpler analysis for failure under single load applications is discussed.     

Light-inadequacy of the ultraviolet theory of ionization in the E-layer

From the reports of the CRPL, average yearly values of h′_E, h′_F1,f °_E and N_F1, for the months of January, March, June, July, September, and December of the years 1944 to 1949 were computed and plotted against the magnetic latitude. Altogether some 25,000 individual records were averaged. Seven curves were plotted. They showed that: (1) all curves are symmetrical with respect to the magnetic equator; (2) the h′_E, h′_F1, f⁰_E and the N_F, curves all swing up and down as the magnetic latitude, north and south, increases; (3) the h′_E is definitely periodic with constant period and constant amplitude; (4) the h′_E curve rises only slightly (on the average) with latitude. These results appear to be inconsistent with the ultraviolet light theory of ionization.