Cognitive Style in Counselor Education: A Comparison of Practicum Supervisors and Counselors in Training

The authors compared practicum supervisors and counseling students in training in terms of dominant cognitive style and related cognitive style of counselors in training to supervision process and outcome measures. A sample of 18 supervisors and 46 students completed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. After at least six supervision sessions, supervisors rated the counseling students on the Counselor Evaluation Rating Scale and the students rated the quality of the supervision relationship using the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory. Supervisors had a stronger Thinking orientation and less variability on the Sensing-Intuiting orientation than did counselors in training. In contrast to previous research, a strong relationship between the cognitive style of counselors in training and supervision process and outcome measures was not detected in this study.     

Why Women Teachers Say 'Stuff It' to Promotion: A failure of equal opportunities?

ABSTRACT The study contributes to our understanding of the less obvious ways in which gender divisions at management level in schools are perpetuated. The authors examine a situation in which a confident, ambitious, well-qualified woman teacher chose not to apply for internal promotion to a management position. The context is a comprehensive school with a proven commitment to issues of equality. Governors and the head of the school were determined to encourage women applicants. Deficit models, 'trait' models, and traditional patterns of gender hostility are all considered yet provide a less than adequate explanation. Instead, complex individual behaviour patterns and external constraints influence events within an apparently positive equal opportunities climate. Analysis of these events and the parts played reveal subtle yet powerful gender dimensions behind a foreground of financial pressures and budget cuts.