This article offers a critical examination of the use of teachers’ standards for student-teachers in teacher education in England. Using an illustrative data example of student-teachers working in a school department setting, benefits of a cultural historical activity theory analysis are forwarded. The example highlights shortcomings in the current education of student-teachers which is in transition owing to changes in English teacher education policy. Focusing heavily on meeting required teachers’ standards, the school teaching practice in the research example does not encourage student-teachers or teachers to develop their understanding of teaching. Neither is the context of the teacher education work taken into account nor personal views of participants. Ways of analysing experiences recognising the influence of schools in affecting the kinds of learning available to student-teachers are needed in England in order to increase understanding of the benefits and drawbacks of different approaches to school-based teacher education. 相似文献
Fixed point properties of the binomial function are developed. It is shown that for any 1 < L < N, TLNhas a unique fixed point p? in (0, 1), and that for large N, the fixed point is L/N. This has application to signal detection schemes commonly used in communication systems. When detecting the presence or absence of a signal with an initial false alarm probability pFAand an initial detection probability pD, then TLN(pFA) < pFAand TLN(pD) > pDif, and only if, pFA < p? < pD. When this condition is satisfied, as N → ∞, TLN(pFA) → 0 and TLN(pD → 1. 相似文献
This study tested hypotheses from an organizational-developmental model for childhood resilience. In this model resilience reflects a child's mastery of age-salient objectives, in the face of substantial adversity, by drawing on internal and external resources that enhance processes of adaptation specific to each developmental stage. Interviews were conducted with parents of 122 7- to 9-year-old urban children exposed to multiple risk factors, 69 classified as resilient and 53 as maladjusted. Consistent with predictions generated by the model: (1) characteristics of a child's caregiving system and early development differentiated children with resilient and stress-affected adaptations; and (2) variables reflecting emotionally responsive, competent parenting were direct, proximal predictors of resilient status and mediators of other caregiver resources such as education, mental health, and relational history. Identified predictors of resilient status, including competent parenting and caregiver psychosocial resources, largely replicated findings from a prior study with sociodemographically comparable 9- to 12-year-old children. 相似文献
Transference is an unconscious displacement of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors from a previous significant relationship onto a current relationship—a phenomenon that teachers and students both enact with each other, sometimes resulting in a dramatic intensification of those relationships. Transference can pertain importantly to understanding and managing the complex, dynamic, intersubjective system that constitutes the educational helping relationship. Based on an analysis of over 350 items in the college teaching and transference literatures, this article provides: (a) a conceptual foundation for understanding transference, (b) 15 indicators of its possible occurrence, and (c) 9 recommendations for its effective management. 相似文献
Science &; Education - We describe here an interdisciplinary lab science course for non-majors using the history of science as a curricular guide. Our experience with diverse instructors... 相似文献
The purpose of this article is to bring to the attention of educators interested in student perceptions of the learning environment
the concept of self-efficacy. Social learning theorists define perceived self-efficacy as a sense of confidence regarding
the performance of specific tasks. Our premise is that student self-efficacy beliefs regarding academic performance can have
important implications for improving learning environments and, consequently, student outcomes. We believe that focusing on
students' academic self-efficacy could alter student perceptions of the learning environment. Unlike most beliefs systems,
which can be highly personal, academic self-efficacy is generally a belief that is addressable in a classroom context. Therefore,
understanding more about the reciprocal relationship between the learning environment and students' academic self-efficacy
beliefs should be a fruitful focus for learning environment research.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献