促进高校教师培训成果转化的研究

建设高水平师资队伍是高校发展的基础,教师培训是建设高水平师资队伍的重要途径。但目前高校教师培训普遍存在成效不足、无法充分挖掘在职教师潜力的问题,无法满足高校快速发展的需要。本文以笔者所在高校的教师培训为研究对象,探索影响高校教师培训成果转化的因素,提出促进高校教师培训成果转化的建议。     

辅助生殖队列建设在生殖医学研究中的作用

生殖健康事关国计民生。“提高生殖健康水平,改善出生人口素质”,是我国人口健康核心战略。随着我国经济社会快速发展,环境污染和食品安全问题增加,产生大量生殖健康问题。不孕不育已经成为仅次于肿瘤和心血管疾病的第三大疾病,给家庭和社会带来了巨大的负担,阐明不孕不育相关疾病的分子机制并依此提出切实可行的防治对策,有效降低出生缺陷的发生率,是生殖健康与遗传领域亟待研究的课题,也是我国经济与社会发展的重大需求。随着辅助生殖技术的飞速发展,通过该技术出生的婴儿数量逐年上升,然而,与自然出生的婴儿相比,其安全性及伴随而来的子代健康问题亟待评估。本文主要总结分析我国辅助生殖队列建设的必要性和重大意义。     

“通信原理”实验课程的改进与探索

通信原理课程的实验教学环节是课程的重要组成部分,合理改进和设计实验课程,是加深学生对课程的理解和提高学生能力的必要手段。本文就当前通信原理实验课程存在的问题和改进方法进行探讨分析,并在教学中加以运用,取得了较好的效果。     

Simman模拟人在心肺复苏临床技能教学中的调查研究

目的:探讨Simman模拟人在心肺复苏技能教学中的应用效果。方法:60名临床医学专业学生参加CPR操作培训,实际操作练习,并对所有学生进行匿名问卷调查,分析Simman模拟人系统在心肺复苏技能教学中的应用效果。结果:90%以上的学生认为Simman模拟人模拟真实,重复性强,89%的学生认为Simman模拟人能充分调动学习积极性,88%的学生认为Simman模拟人操作性强,非常认同Simman模拟人出科考核模式。95%的学生认为Simman模拟人能够全面考核学生的临床思维,91%的学生认为Simman模拟人能够进一步巩固和提高学生的理论知识。结论:Simman模拟人系统在心肺复苏技能实践教学中能明显提高临床技能教学的质量。     

核心素养视域下学前教育专业舞蹈课程教学方式的转变

核心素养作为新时期各教育阶段改革的风向标,引领各学科课程改革迈入了新的征程,本文从“学生核心素养”出发,探析学前教育专业舞蹈教育与学生核心素养之间的关系,并从发展与培育学生核心素养的角度反思学前教育专业舞蹈课程教学方式固有的问题,进而提出转变舞蹈教学方式的思路:(1)以学生为中心,从“教师教”变成“学生学”;(2)注重学生综合能力的培养,合理兼顾学前教育专业舞蹈人才的特性;(3)适度把握传统讲授法,注重教学过程,开展多途径混合式教学。     

Development of a space cold atom clock

Atomic clocks with cold atoms play important roles in the field of fundamental physics as well as primary frequency standards. Operating such cold atom clocks in space paves the way for further exploration in fundamental physics, for example dark matter and general relativity. We developed a space cold atom clock (SCAC), which was launched into orbit with the Space Lab TG-2 in 2016. Before it deorbited with TG-2 in 2019, the SCAC had been working continuously for almost 3 years. During the period in orbit, many scientific experiments and engineering tests were performed. In this article, we summarize the principle, development and in-orbit results. These works provide the basis for construction of a space-borne time-frequency system in deep space.     

Single lithium-ion channel polymer binder for stabilizing sulfur cathodes

Lithium–sulfur batteries have great potential for high-performance energy-storage devices, yet the severe diffusion of soluble polysulfide to electrolyte greatly limits their practical applications. To address the above issues, herein we design and synthesize a novel polymer binder with single lithium-ion channels allowing fast lithium-ion transport while blocking the shuttle of unnecessary polysulfide anions. In situ UV–vis spectroscopy measurements reveal that the prepared polymer binder has effective immobilization to polysulfide intermediates. As expected, the resultant sulfur cathode achieves an excellent specific capacity of 1310 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.2 C, high Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% at 0.5 C after 100 cycles and stable cycling performance for 300 cycles at 1 C (1 C = 1675 mA g⁻¹). This study reports a new avenue to assemble a polymer binder with a single lithium-ion channel for solving the serious problem of energy attenuation of lithium–sulfur batteries.     

Superconductivity in chromium nitrides Pr3Cr10-xN11 with strong electron correlations

Exploration of superconductivity in Cr-based compounds has attracted considerable interest because only a few Cr-based superconductors (CrAs, A₂Cr₃As₃ and ACr₃As₃ (A = K, Rb, Cs, Na)) have been discovered so far and they show an unconventional pairing mechanism. We report the discovery of bulk superconductivity at 5.25 K in chromium nitride in Pr₃Cr_10-xN₁₁ with a cubic lattice structure. A relatively large upper critical field of H_c2(0) ∼ 12.6 T is determined, which is larger than the estimated Pauli-paramagnetic pair-breaking magnetic field. The material has a large electronic specific-heat coefficient of 170 mJ K⁻² mol⁻¹—about 10 times larger than that estimated by the electronic structure calculation, which suggests that correlations between 3d electrons are very strong in Pr₃Cr_10-xN₁₁, and thus quantum fluctuations might be involved. Electronic structure calculations show that the density of states at the Fermi energy are contributed predominantly by Cr 3d electrons, implying that the superconductivity results mainly from the condensation of Cr 3d electrons. Pr₃Cr_10-xN₁₁ represents a rare example of possible unconventional superconductivity emerging in a 3D system with strong electron correlations. Nevertheless, clarification of the specific pairing symmetry needs more investigation.     

On theory and methods for advanced detonation-driven hypervelocity shock tunnels

This study describes theory and methods for developing detonation-driven shock tunnels in hypervelocity test facilities. The primary concept and equations for high-enthalpy shock tunnels are presented first to demonstrate the unique advantage of shock tubes for aerodynamic ground-based testing. Then, the difficulties in simulating flight conditions in hypervelocity shock tunnels are identified, and discussed in detail to address critical issues underlying these difficulties. Theory and methods for developing detonation drivers are proposed, and relevant progress that has advanced the state of the art in large-scale hypersonic test facilities is presented with experimental verifications. Finally, tailored conditions for detonation-driven shock tunnels are described, laying a solid foundation to achieve long test duration. This interface-matching key issue encountered in developing shock tunnels has been investigated for decades, but not solved for detonation drivers in engineering applications.     

Large-scale multiferroic complex oxide epitaxy with magnetically switched polarization enabled by solution processing

Complex oxides with tunable structures have many fascinating properties, though high-quality complex oxide epitaxy with precisely controlled composition is still out of reach. Here we have successfully developed solution-based single-crystalline epitaxy for multiferroic (1-x)BiTi_(1-y)/2Fe_yMg_(1-y)/2O₃–(x)CaTiO₃ (BTFM–CTO) solid solution in large area, confirming its ferroelectricity at the atomic scale with strong spontaneous polarization. Careful compositional tuning leads to a bulk magnetization of 0.07 ± 0.035 μ_B/Fe at room temperature, enabling magnetically induced polarization switching exhibiting a large magnetoelectric coefficient of 2.7–3.0 × 10⁻⁷ s/m. This work demonstrates the great potential of solution processing in large-scale complex oxide epitaxy and establishes novel room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling in epitaxial BTFM–CTO film, making it possible to explore a much wider space of composition, phase, and structure that can be easily scaled up for industrial applications.