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101.
Joachim Henkel 《Research Policy》2006,35(7):953-969
This paper provides a quantitative study (N = 268) of patterns of free revealing of firm-developed innovations within embedded Linux, a type of open source software (OSS). I find that firms, without being obliged to do so, contribute many of their own developments back to public embedded Linux code, eliciting and indeed receiving informal development support from other firms. That is, they perform a part of their product development open to the public—an unthinkable idea for traditionally minded managers. Such openness obviously entails the challenge of protecting one's intellectual property. I find that firms address this issue by revealing selectively. They reveal, on average, about half of the code they have developed, while protecting the other half by various means. Revealing is strongly heterogeneous among firms. Multivariate analysis can partly explain this heterogeneity by firm characteristics and the firm's purpose behind revealing. An analysis of reasons for revealing and of the type of revealed code shows that different types of firms have different rationales for openness. Implications for management are that the conflict between downsides and benefits of openness appears manageable. Provided selective revealing is practiced deliberately, the opportunities of open development dominate. 相似文献
102.
Daniel J. Madigan Joachim Stoeber Troy Culley Louis Passfield Andrew P. Hill 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(9):1271-1279
Recent research found perfectionistic strivings to predict performance in a novel basketball task among novice basketball players. The current study builds on this research by examining whether this is also the case for performance in a familiar basketball training task among experienced basketball players, and whether achievement goals mediated any observed relationships. Perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and 3?×?2 achievement goals were assessed prior to basketball training performance in 90 basketball players (mean age 20.9 years). Regression analyses showed that perfectionistic strivings predicted better performance. Furthermore, mediation analyses showed that other-approach goals (e.g. beliefs that one should and can outperform others) accounted for this relationship. The findings suggest that perfectionistic strivings may predict better performance in both novel and familiar athletic contexts. In addition, beliefs about the importance and ability to outperform others may explain this relationship. 相似文献
103.
Daniel J. Madigan Joachim Stoeber Dale Forsdyke Mark Dayson Louis Passfield 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(5):545-550
According to the stress–injury model (Williams & Andersen, 1998), personality factors predisposing athletes to elevated levels of stress may increase the risk of injury. As perfectionism has been associated with chronic stress, it may be one such personality factor. So far, however, no study has investigated the relationships between perfectionism and injury utilising a prospective design. Therefore, the present study examined perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns and injury in 80 junior athletes from team and individual sports (mean age 17.1 years; range 16–19 years) over 10 months of active training. The results of logistic regression analyses showed that perfectionism positively predicted injury, but only perfectionistic concerns emerged as a significant positive predictor. The likelihood of sustaining an injury was increased by over two times for each 1 SD increase in perfectionistic concerns. The findings suggest that perfectionistic concerns may be a possible factor predisposing athletes to an increased risk of injury. 相似文献
104.
Koehler K Braun H De Marees M Fusch G Fusch C Mester J Schaenzer W 《Journal of sports sciences》2010,28(13):1435-1449
The assessment of nutrition and activity in athletes requires accurate and precise methods. The aim of this study was to validate a protocol for parallel assessment of diet and exercise against doubly labelled water, 24-h urea excretion, and respiratory gas exchange. The participants were 14 male triathletes under normal training conditions. Energy intake and doubly labelled water were weakly associated with each other (r = 0.69, standard error of estimate [SEE] = 304 kcal x day(-1)). Protein intake was strongly correlated with 24-h urea (r = 0.89) but showed considerable individual variation (SEE = 0.34 g kg(-1) x day(-1)). Total energy expenditure based on recorded activities was highly correlated with doubly labelled water (r = 0.95, SEE = 195 kcal x day(-1)) but was proportionally biased. During running and cycling, estimated exercise energy expenditure was highly correlated with gas exchange (running: r = 0.89, SEE = 1.6 kcal x min(-1); cycling: r = 0.95, SEE = 1.4 kcal x min(-1)). High exercise energy expenditure was slightly underestimated during running. For nutrition data, variations appear too large for precise measurements in individual athletes, which is a common problem of dietary assessment methods. Despite the high correlations of total energy expenditure and exercise energy expenditure with reference methods, a correction for systematic errors is necessary for the valid estimation of energetic requirements in individual athletes. 相似文献
105.
The interplay between individual and collective knowledge: technologies for organisational learning and knowledge building 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article presents a framework model that defines knowledge building as a co-evolution of cognitive and social systems. Our model brings together Nonaka's knowledge-creating theory and Luhmann's systems theory. It is demonstrated how collaborative knowledge building may occur – in an ideal situation – within an organisation, when people interact with each other using shared digital artefacts. For this purpose, three different technologies are introduced as examples: social-tagging systems, pattern-based task-management systems, and wikis. These examples have been chosen to demonstrate that knowledge building can occur with respect to both declarative and procedural knowledge. The differences and similarities between these technologies, as far as their potential for organisational knowledge building is concerned, are discussed in the light of the framework model. 相似文献
106.
George F. Kneller Renate Nestvogel Jean-Pierre Jallade Volker Lenhart Gabriel Carron J. R. Liesch W. D. Wall Jürgen Schriewer Dale C. Paul William J. Platt Joachim Köhler T. Neville Postlethwaite D. La Verne Buckley 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1978,24(1):81-106
107.
Schuster Corinna Stebner Ferdinand Leutner Detlev Wirth Joachim 《Metacognition and Learning》2020,15(3):455-477
Metacognition and Learning - Training interventions for self-regulated learning foster the use of strategies and skills as well as their transfer to new learning tasks. Because cognitive strategies... 相似文献
108.
This paper analyzes the effects of German labor market reforms on the competitiveness and performance of the German economy. The contribution starts with giving some background information on the rationale behind the reforms and stresses the specific structure of the German economy. We then describe the salient effects of the reforms for employment and labor market integration. Finally, the dark side of the reforms, i.e., labor market segmentation and wage inequality, are addressed, which leads to the general question of how the reforms can be reconciled with the notion of social justice. 相似文献
109.
Sylwester Dziki Hermann Meyn Norbert Bolz Michael Kunczik Joachim Friedrich Staab Walter Hamberg 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(1):24-26
THE HIGHWAYMEN: WARRIORS OF THE INFORMATION SUPER‐HIGHWAY by Ken Auletta (New York: Random House, 1997—$27.50, ISBN 0–679–45378–0, 346 pp., index) THE BARRY DILLER STORY: THE LIFE AND TIMES OF AMERICA'S GREATEST ENTERTAINMENT MOGUL by George Mair (New York: John Wiley, 1997—$24.95, ISBN 0–471–13082–6, 348 pp., notes, photos, index) MONOPOLY TELEVISION: MTV'S QUEST TO CONTROL THE MUSIC by Jack Banks (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996—$22.00, ISBN 0–8133–1820–3, 291 pp., notes, references, index) BE SEEING YOU ...DECODING THE PRISONER by Chris Gregory (Luton, England: John Libbey Media/University of Luton Press, 1997—$24.00, paper, ISBN 1–86020–521–6, 228 pp., bibliography and filmography, index) GLOBAL SPOTLIGHTS ON LILLEHAMMER: HOW THE WORLD VIEWED NORWAY DURING THE 1994 WINTER OLYMPICS edited by Roel Puijk (Luton, England: John Libbey Media/ University of Luton Press, 1997— $40.00, ISBN 1–86020–520–8, 285 pp., appendix) BROADCAST/CABLE PROGRAMMING: STRATEGIES AND PRACTICES by Susan Tyler Eastman and Douglas A. Ferguson (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing, 1997 [5th ed.]— $58.95, ISBN 0–534–50744–1, 471 pp., abbreviations and acronyms, glossary, annotated bibliography, bookmarks for the world wide web, index to program titles, general index) TV DRAMA IN TRANSITION: FORMS, VALUES AND CULTURAL CHANGE by Robin Nelson (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997—$55.00, ISBN 0–312–17276–1, 277 pp., notes, references, index) GLUED TO THE SET: THE 60 TELEVISION SHOWS AND EVENTS THAT MADE US WHO WE ARE TODAY by Steven D. Stark (New York: Free Press, 1997—$17.50, ISBN 0–684–82817–0, 340 pp., appendix, bibliography, index) GEN X TV: THE BRADY BUNCH TO MELROSE PLACE by Rob Owen (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1997—$24.95, ISBN 0–8156–0443–2, 240 pp., photos, bibliography, index) 相似文献
110.
When trying to attain the benefits of open source software (OSS), proprietary closed source software (PCSS) firms are struggling to adopt this radically different practice of software development. We approach these adoption challenges as a problem of gaining support for organizational innovation. Through a mixed-method research design consisting of qualitative interviews and a survey of employees of a large telecommunications firm, we find that the organizational innovation to commercially engage in OSS has different impacts on technical and administrative dimensions of different job roles. Accordingly, individuals enacting different job roles are—on average—more or less well aligned with the OSS practice and OSS processes per se. We find that individual-level attributes can counterbalance the job role changes that weaken support for adopting OSS, while perceived organizational commitment has no effect. Suggestions for PCSS firms are presented and implications for innovation literature are discussed. 相似文献