More Unintended Consequences of High-Stakes Testing

This article explores the basis of negative sentiments toward and current critiques of high-stakes student testing from within the education profession. To promote some balance for current policy debates, evidence for 10 unintended, unrecognized, or unarticulated positive consequences is provided. The article concludes with an examination of the relationship between high-stakes testing and accountability systems.     

竞技、异化、极限、潜能--关于竞技体育异化问题的讨论

竞技体育，是人类自身创造并发展起来的，从游戏的创立，比赛的规则到竞技的对抗，竞技体育在其社会化的进程中，也不可避免的出现与人类的初衷相悖的异化问题，科学技术的进步是永恒的，然而被利欲所驱使，在竞技运动中利用科技成果制伪舞弊及摧残人性的“异化行为”，是违背科学的，竞技体育出现的异化现象，是一个值得认真研究与探讨的问题。     

The Development of Measures of Individual Differences in Self-Regulatory Control and Their Relationship to Academic Performance

Two studies are reported describing the development and validation of the Strategic Flexibility Questionnaire (SFQ): a self-report instrument aimed at eliciting students’ beliefs about the need for, and conditional nature of, self-regulatory control over learning. In Study 1, 281 first-year university education students completed a 40-item pilot questionnaire. Factor analysis of responses revealed a 21-item instrument indicating three types of control beliefs: adaptive executive control, inflexible executive control, and irresolute executive control. In Study 2, the predictive validity of these conceptions was tested against the academic performance of 105 third-year university education students. Results indicated that students reporting adaptive executive control beliefs were more successful academically, while those students reporting inflexible or irresolute control beliefs were significantly less successful academically.     

提高我校体育教学与管理水平的几项措施

为了使高校体育教学能适应改革开放与培养跨世纪人才的需要,从宏观管理与微观调控角度入手,论述了提高体育教学与管理水平的几项措施。     

Neuropsychological classification and treatment of dyslexia.

Evidence shows that initial and advanced learning to read are predominantly mediated by the right and left cerebral hemispheres, respectively. Premature reliance on left-hemispheric reading strategies may result in L-type dyslexia, characterized by hurried and inaccurate reading. P-type dyslexia, characterized by a slow and fragmented style of reading, may result from the inability to shift from the predominant generation of right-hemispheric reading strategies to the predominant generation of left-hemispheric reading strategies. Results of investigations concerning the validity of the L/P-typology are discussed, as are the reading effects of hemisphere-specific and hemisphere-alluding stimulation in children with L- and P-type dyslexia.     

透视“知行脱节”探索德育新思路

“道德准则，只有当他们被学生自己去追求、获得和亲身体验的时候，只有当他们变成学生独立的信念的时候，才能真正成为学生的精神财富。”知行统一，情意结合是品德的理想境界。然而，在道德教育中，道德认知水平与行为表现的脱节是学生思想品德形成过程中常见的一种表现，也是学校德育长期普遍存在的一个老大难问题。据一项调查显示，９０％以上的学生都认为在公共汽车上要给老弱病残者让座，但实际这样做的只有４０％左右。１００％的大、中、小学生都懂得红绿灯的交通法规和意义，但能自觉遵守这一法规的学生平均只占５９％，且呈现随年…     

Ensuring Content‐Area Learning by Secondary Students with Learning Disabilities

Three factors tied with secondary student success in content‐area reading are demonstrated: (a) validated teacher‐focused and student‐focused interventions, (b) integrated and comprehensive service delivery systems, and (c) well‐designed, data‐based professional developmental programs. Difficult challenges face secondary students with LD and their teachers with regard to these students’ participation and success in required general education classes. Recently, instructional methods and materials have been developed and validated for promoting these students’ success. Some of them focus on how general education teachers plan and teach their content‐area courses; others focus on giving students the strategies they need to respond independently to the demands of their courses. This article describes these instructional methods, a service‐delivery model for implementing these interventions in secondary schools, and professional‐development mechanisms and administrative support that must be in place for the model to be maintained effectively.