A comparison of the anthropometric, strength, endurance and flexibility characteristics of female elite and recreational climbers and non-climbers.

There is limited information on the anthropometry, strength, endurance and flexibility of female rock climbers. The aim of this study was to compare these characteristics in three groups of females: Group 1 comprised 10 elite climbers aged 31.3 +/- 5.0 years (mean +/- s) who had led to a standard of 'hard very severe'; Group 2 consisted of 10 recreational climbers aged 24.1 +/- 4.0 years who had led to a standard of 'severe'; and Group 3 comprised 10 physically active individuals aged 28.5 +/- 5.0 years who had not previously rock-climbed. The tests included finger strength (grip strength, finger strength measured on climbing-specific apparatus), flexibility, bent arm hang and pull-ups. Regression procedures (analysis of covariance) were used to examine the influence of body mass, leg length, height and age. For finger strength, the elite climbers recorded significantly higher values (P < 0.05) than the recreational climbers and non-climbers (four fingers, right hand: elite 321 +/- 18 N, recreational 251 +/- 14 N, non-climbers 256 +/- 15 N; four fingers, left hand: elite 307 +/- 14 N, recreational 248 +/- 12 N, non-climbers 243 +/- 11 N). For grip strength of the right hand, the elite climbers recorded significantly higher values than the recreational climbers only (elite 338 +/- 12 N, recreational 289 +/- 10 N, non-climbers 307 +/- 11 N). The results suggest that elite climbers have greater finger strength than recreational climbers and non-climbers.     

Publisher and author partnerships: a changing landscape

This article discusses the changing relationships of authors and publishers, the current trends and challenges they face, and the direction of these relationships in the future. As the STM publishing industry finds itself in the midst of significant technological and economic changes, this article provides background to these changes and looks at the key elements, including open access business development, institutional repository trends, and emerging public financing policies in the future.     

朱熹后裔变族考——朝鲜族新安朱氏谱书研究

朱熹是南宋著名的理学家、教育家，名扬中外。他的理学思想不仅对中国的封建社会产生过深远的影响，而且在13～14世纪对高丽于朝的封建统治也产生了很深的影响。在中国，多数人部知道朱熹为中国“理学之大圣”，而对朱熹后裔一支变成朝鲜族一事却知者甚少。笔者是中国的朝鲜族，也是朱熹的后裔。那么，我们的家族是如何变成朝鲜族的呢？     

校园文化建设中管理者作用浅析

在校园文化建设过程中,管理者的地位起着举足轻重的作用。他们的重视程度、处世方式、行为方式等对校园文化建设有着巨大的影响。因此,管理者应从自身做起,重视校园文化,通过引导和示范促进校园文化的形成。     

Maintaining Discipline in the Kaiser Wilhelm Society during the National Socialist Regime

In responding to incidents of internal ‘indiscipline’, the Kaiser Wilhelm Society many times asserted its authority, sometimes in cooperation with agencies of the Nazi regime. Following the Second World War, however, the KWS represented itself as having been intrinsically anti-Nazi. This essay describes the assumptions inherent in this view, and points to its wider implications for post-war German science.     

略谈高职学生专业技能的培养

高职院校应该围绕如何提高学生的专业技术能力来开展工作,为此应该做好以下几个方面的工作:思想上重视;在教学工作中把专业技能的培养落到实处;把专业技能的培养列为学生工作重点之一;提高教师的专业技能水平;处理好和职业技能培训之间的关系。