The relationship between heart rate reserve and oxygen uptake reserve in children and adolescents

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) responses during rest and exercise in Chinese children and youth and to evaluate the relationships between maximal heart rate (%HRmax), heart rate reserve (%HRR), peak oxygen uptake (% VO2peak), and oxygen uptake reserve (% VO2R) in Chinese children and youth. Forty-nine Chinese children and youth were studied at rest and during a graded maximal exercise test on treadmill. Resting, submaximal and peak HR and VO2 were collected. Regression analyses were conducted to investigate the associations between the various forms of HR and VO2 measures. The equivalency between %HRR and % VO2R for adults was examined for children using data obtained in this study. Results indicated that all regression lines between HR measures and VO2 measures were significantly different from the line of identity (p < .05), except the regression line for %HRR versus %VO2 peak in boys. The equivalency between % VO2R and % HRR for adults was not demonstrated in children and adolescents in this study. In contrast, %HRR was more closely equivalent to % VO2 peak. Because a strong linear relationship was found between HR and VO2, HR measures, in terms of either %HRmax or %HRR, would still be a practical variable for prescribing appropriate exercise intensity for children and adolescents. Unlike results found for adults, a given % HRR in children and youth was not equivalent to its corresponding % VO2R.     

我国高等体育院校附属竞技体校人才培养模式的研究

高等体育院校附属竞技体校在竞技体育人才培养上取得了一定的成绩,形成特有的人才培养模式.采用模式分析的研究方法,结合典型案例对高等体育院校附属竞技体校人才培养模式进行分析和概括.竞技体校人才培养模式是建立在科学化基础上的学训并重的人才培养模式,是我国末来竞技体育健康、可持续发展的重要途径.其特征主要体现在培养定位是"学生运动员",有利于运动员综合素质的全面发展;高校良好的人文与育人环境;经费来源的多渠道;在一个培养单位完成多年培养目标的"一条龙"培养;亦读亦训的学训结合;科学高效的训练组织等方面.     

Cultural studies through education: moments of pedagogy and pragmatics

Abstract

Our main concern is to see if cultural studies can intervene more productively in the dominant educational processes, in ways that align with the sustainable interests of its critical project. As cynicism becomes the commonplace ‘distinction’ of our young graduates, we raise two questions: why should cultural studies be concerned with the spread of cynicism within our own institutional and pedagogic space? And what would be the implications of such critical reflection on our current practices, as scholar and teacher of this critical project? The paper draws on our continual engagement with the curriculum reform of secondary school subjects (Integrated Humanities and Liberal Studies) in Hong Kong, in an attempt to explore the limits and opportunities of education as social practice, as well as the effectivity of cultural studies within the contemporary contexts and crises of education. First we describe how taking part in the specific school reform projects has begun to change the critical and pedagogic orientation of cultural studies we do at the university. Then we discuss the implications of our recent experiments in doing cultural studies in and with the local schools. In all, we want to examine what brings us to our own search for a certain ‘politics of hope’, by re‐thinking and re‐mapping cultural studies as a collective, pragmatic programme in the local educational set‐up. For, without a constructive pragmatics, the students of cultural studies cannot be expected to work effectively across diverse institutional settings. Thus, criticism and the production of critical knowledge in the contemporary academy would go on to foster a state of cynicism among its graduates and the ‘stakeholders’ concerned. Cultural studies, we believe, can make itself more useful through concrete ways of mediating its expertise in the complex processes of education. As such, we emphasize the contemporary relevance and uses of cultural studies for educational transformation.     

新技术食品安全与公众参与——以北京市民对转基因食品的公众参与状况的调查为例

通过对北京市市民在新技术食品安全领域的公众参与状况的实证调查,总结我国新技术食品安全领域中公众参与状况的现状。参与的层次分别有:公众接受新技术食品安全教育、公众参加新技术食品安全宣传和新技术食品公益活动、公众参加新技术食品安全监督。发现我国的新技术食品领域公众参与状况存在自发性、被动性的特点,对新技术食品安全领域中公众参与机制模式以及政策导向提出建议。     

The Social Stratification of Cultural Consumption: Some Policy Implications of a Research Project

The paper briefly describes a recently completed research project on the social stratification of cultural consumption, presents some major findings from this project, and considers their implications for public policy in relation to the arts. A central theme is the inadequacy of the ‘homology’ argument, claiming that social hierarchies and cultural hierarchies map closely onto each other. This argument is shown to be empirically unsound and to underestimate the complexity of the relationship between social stratification and cultural consumption, as this is determined by the combined effects of income, education and social status. One question that then arises is what policy response, if any, is required by the fact that many individuals do not participate extensively in the arts even though they have the economic and cultural resources required to do so (self-exclusion rather than social exclusion). And a second is that of how far, in attempts at increasing participation, status-linked motivations might be exploited.     

论知识经济与全球化背景下期刊选题策划原则

随着期刊编创进入策划时代,选题策划作为期刊业成功的关键要素,备受各期刊社的高度重视.在知识经济时代,选题策划是期刊业最具知识经济特征的智力活动,应该把其作为期刊业可持续发展的一种重要战略资源和能力来看待和管理.为此,有必要深入探讨选题策划的内涵、意义及基本原则,把握时代特点,更新办刊理念,强化策划意识,积极参与国际国内两个市场的竞争,使我国期刊业在激烈的全球化竞争中立于不败之地.     

A review of the literature on the application of blood ammonia measurement in sports science

This article summarizes previous studies on blood ammonia levels in relation to exercise. The dynamics of blood ammonia were reviewed with consideration to its production, removal, and distribution in various tissue compartments. During intense exercise, the primary source of ammonia is adenosine monophosphate deamination. Catabolism of branched-chain amino acids becomes important during submaximal exercise. Ammonia response to various types of exercise was also compared to lactate response. A comprehensive summary on factors affecting blood ammonia levels is provided. These reveal the possibility of applying blood ammonia measurement in monitoring and prescribing exercise, indirect measurement of muscle fiber composition, and muscle glycogen levels. However, more studies need to be conducted to evaluate these possibilities before blood ammonia measurement can be widely used.     

论体育明星对我国城市中学生的影响

选取4个代表城市,通过问卷调查、座谈调查、数理统计等方法,揭示了城市中学生所崇拜的体育明星地域及项目分布、体育明星崇拜的价值取向;把崇拜分为适度、中度和极度3个层次,阐述了不同程度的崇拜产生的不同影响.最后,从社会学的视角分析了体育明星崇拜产生的原因,并提出了针对性的建议.     

Exploring Identification Procedures of Gifted Students by Teacher Ratings: Parent ratings and student self-reports in Hong Kong

Previous studies have provided equivocal results regarding the use of teacher and parent ratings in identifying gifted students. This study explored their use through identifying those student behavioral characteristics on which such judgments were based, assessing their correspondence with student self-report data, and evaluating the differences between teacher and parent ratings. Teachers and parents of 109 gifted students (45 boys and 64 girls) provided ratings using Chinese versions of the Scales for Rating the Behavioral Characteristics of Superior Students (SRBCSS) (Renzulli, Smith, White, Callahan & Hartman, 1976). Results show a greater relevance for measuring leadership and motivation characteristics, and less relevance on creativity characteristics. Also, scales appear not to be good predictors of student self-report data on IQ, creativity and leadership. However, the Chinese SRBCSS was nevertheless demonstrated to be a viable instrument, yielding important data not available by self-report instruments for identifying gifted students.     

Implementation of School-Based Management: A Multi-Perspective Analysis of the Case of Hong Kong

The implementation of school-based management reform is a complicated process involving changes not only in structures and political relations but also in social interactions and cultural elements at both school and system levels. The lack of multi-perspectives in the analysis of school reforms sets a tight limitation on the understanding and implementation of school-based management. This paper aims to apply the structural perspective, the human resource perspective, the political perspective, and the cultural perspective to review and analyse the case of Hong Kong in implementing school-based management. It is hoped that the analysis of the Hong Kong case can provide an useful illustration of the application of multi-perspectives to support development of school-based management and draw useful implications for school reforms in both local and international contexts.