Auf dem Weg zur inklusiven Schule: Versuch einer bildungsstatistischen Zwischenbilanz

In the context of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, this contribution traces current developments in Germany towards inclusive schooling on the basis of education statistics. The first section illustrates the two developmental phases of remedial schooling from the 1950s to the present: firstly, the expansion of the Sonderschulen and the Förderschulen, and secondly, their gradual decline. In the second section, data from individual German federal states on tuition in remedial and mainstream schools is discussed and analysed. In the third section, selected data is used to draw attention to the central problems– besides matters particular to school development—encountered on the path to inclusive schooling. Finally, a cautious outlook is provided.     

Increased plasma zonulin in patients with sepsis

Introduction:

Zonulin is a eukaryotic protein structurally similar to Vibrio cholerae’s zonula occludens toxin. It plays an important role in the opening of small intestine tight junctions. The loss of gut wall integrity during sepsis might be pivotal and has been described in various experimental as well as human studies. Increased levels of zonulin could be demonstrated in diseases associated with increased intestinal inflammation, such as celiac disease and type 1 diabetes. We therefore investigated the role of plasma levels of zonulin in patients with sepsis as a non-invasive marker of gut wall integrity.

Materials and methods:

Plasma level of zonulin was measured in 25 patients with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock according to ACCP/SCCM criteria at the first day of diagnosed sepsis. 18 non-septic post-surgical ICU-patients and 20 healthy volunteers served as control. Plasma levels were determined by using commercially available ELISA kit. Data are given as median and interquartile range (IQR).

Results:

Significantly higher plasma concentration of zonulin were found in the sepsis group: 6.61 ng/mL (IQR 3.51–9.46), as compared to the to the post-surgical control group: 3.40 ng/mL (IQR 2.14–5.70) (P = 0.025), as well as to the healthy group: 3.55 ng/mL (IQR 3.14–4.14) (P = 0.008).

Conclusion:

We were able demonstrate elevated levels of plasma zonulin, a potential marker of intestinal permeability in septic patients. Increased zonulin may serve as an additional mechanism for the observed increased intestinal permeability during sepsis and SIRS.     

The effects of non-specific and specific concepts on tactical creativity in team ball sports

Abstract

The main aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of various training approaches in team ball sports for the development of tactical creativity. Altogether, 135 children aged about 7 years took part in a 15-month field-based study. They participated either in non-specific treatment groups, a specific handball, soccer or field hockey group, or a control group. General and game-oriented tactical creativity were chosen as outcome measures. Our analysis of treatment-related effects showed that the non-specific groups displayed improvements in general creativity, whereas the specific groups showed improvements in the game-oriented creativity in which they were trained. Furthermore, clear transfer-related effects were observed. The analysis of group-related effects indicated no differences between the approaches. Only the soccer-specific group performed better in nearly all creative values. In conclusion, a non-specific concept appears to be a promising alternative to traditional specific treatments. This is further substantiated by several pedagogical, psychological, and medical arguments.     

论哲学的开端:黑格尔的漫游奇境之冒险

黑格尔在《逻辑学》中提出了关于科学之开端的问题,这个问题与直接性和间接性密切相关.直接性和间接性具有内在性和自我确证性的统一,能使我们到达纯粹的存在,这种纯粹的存在一定是在知识中首先出现的规定性,并成为纯粹的开端.黑格尔在《法哲学原理》中进一步论述了关于间接性和直接性的开端问题,第一个环节是作为直接性、不确定性的普遍性,第二个环节是作为间接性、确定性的特殊性,第二个环节寓于第一个环节之中,它们共同构成了第三个环节,即普遍性和特殊性的统一,这实际上是直接性和间接性的对立统一,而开端则寓于它们之间互为前提的逻辑推论的形式之中.     

Ranking economists on the basis of many indicators: An alternative approach using RePEc data

In economics the Research Papers in Economics (RePEc) network has become an essential source for the gathering and the spread of both existing and new economic research. Furthermore, it is currently the largest bibliometric database in economic sciences containing 33 different indicators for more than 30,000 economists. Based on this bibliographic information RePEc calculates well-known rankings for authors and academic institutions. We provide some cautionary remarks concerning the interpretation of some provided bibliometric measures in RePEc. Moreover, we show how individual and aggregated rankings can be biased due to the employed ranking methodology. In order to select key indicators describing and assessing research performance of scientist, we propose to apply principal component analysis in this data-rich environment. This approach allows us to assign weights to each indicator prior to aggregation. We illustrate the approach by providing a new overall ranking of economists based on RePEc data.