Integrating ICT into classroom practice in modern foreign language teaching in England: making room for teachers' voices

Current government policy in the UK places teachers of all subject areas under pressure to embed ICT into their pedagogic practice to improve teaching and learning. This article attempts to compare that policy with the situated reality of a small number of Modern Foreign Language teachers striving to comply. The voices of four teachers are presented as they began to embed the use of ICT (primarily their newly acquired Interactive Whiteboards) into their existing classroom approach. The story of their developing practice is examined for signs of transformation; the complexity of a real situation is thus contrasted with a simplified ideal. By means of this investigation, examples of sophisticated pedagogical thinking are explored to demonstrate that it is perhaps not so easy to transform the learning process, with or without ICT.

La politique actuelle du gouvernement du Royaume‐Uni exerce une pression sur les enseignants de toutes matières pour qu'ils intègrent les technologies d'information et de communication dans leurs pratiques pédagogiques afin d'améliorer l'enseignement et l'apprentissage. Cet article essaye de comparer cette politique avec la réalité contextualisée d'un petit nombre de professeurs de langues étrangères qui font leur possible pour s'y conformer. Les voix de quatre enseignants y sont présentées alors qu'ils commençaient à intégrer l'informatique (et en particulier leurs tableaux interactifs récemment acquis) dans leur approche pédagogique actuelle. L'histoire du changement de leurs pratiques est remise en question pour trouver des indications de transformation. La complexité d'une situation réelle peut alors être mise en contraste avec une idée simplifiée. De par cette étude, on peut examiner des exemples de la réflexion pédagogique développée pour montrer que ce n'est pas tellement facile de transformer les méthodes d'apprentissage, avec ou sans l'outil informatique.

Die Gegenwärtige Regierungspolitik in Großbritannien setzt Lehrkräfte aller Schulfächer unter Druck, moderne Informationstechniken in ihre pädagogische Praxis einzubeziehen, um den Unterricht und den Lernprozess zu verbessern. Dieser Beitrag versucht, diese Politik mit der realen Situation einer kleinen Anzahl von SprachlehrerInnen zu vergleichen, die sich bemühen, den Anordnungen nachzukommen. Die Stimmen von vier Lehrkräften werden vorgelegt, die damit begonnen haben, Informations‐ und Kommunikationstechnologie (hauptsächlich ihre neu erworbenen interactive whiteboards (interaktive Tafeln)) in ihre gegenwärtige Unterrichtsmethode einzubeziehen. Es wird untersucht, welche Veränderungen es bei zunehmender Praxis gibt. Die Vielschichtigkeit einer realen Situation wird somit dem vereinfachten Idealfall gegenübergestellt. Mittels dieser Untersuchung werden Beispiele hochentwickelten pädagogischen Denkens erforscht und dazu verwendet, um zu zeigen, dass es doch nicht so einfach ist, den Lernprozess zu verändern—mit oder ohne ICT.

La política actuel del gobierno del Reino Unido sitúa a los profesores de todos los departamentos bajo la presión de arraigar ICT en la práctica de su pedagogía para mejorar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Este artículo intenta comparar esa política con la realidad de un pequeño número de profesores de idiomas extranjeros que se esfuerza por llevarla a cabo. La voz de cuatro profesores nos presenta como empoezaron a arraigar el uso de ICT (primeramente con la reciente adquisición de los Whiteboards Interactivos) como enfoque en sus clases actuales. La historia de su práctica en desarrollo está acompañada de indicios de cambios. Por eso la complejidad de una situación real se contrasta con un ideal más simplificado. Por medio de esta investigación, se exploran ejemplos de pensamiento pedagógico sofisticado para demostrar que quizás no sea tan fácil transformar el proceso de aprendizaje, con o sin ICT.     

Understanding the Role of Neuroscience in Brain Based Products: A Guide for Educators and Consumers

The term brain based is often used to describe learning theories, principles, and products. Although there have been calls urging educators to be cautious in interpreting and using such material, consumers may find it challenging to understand the role of the brain and to discriminate among brain based products to determine which would be suitable for specific educational goals. We offer a framework for differentiating the multiple meanings of the brain based label and guidelines for educators and consumers to use when evaluating educational products labeled as brain based. The guidelines include: identifying educational goals and target student populations, aligning goals and product purposes, reviewing product merits, identifying benefits and limitations of the product, and characterizing the product's impact on behavioral performance.     

Admiration for virtue: Neuroscientific perspectives on a motivating emotion

Social emotions like admiration for another person’s virtue are often associated with a desire to be virtuous one’s self, and to engage in meaningful and socially relevant activities against any odds (Haidt & Seder, 2007). These emotions can profoundly inspire us, sometimes motivating our most significant life-course decisions. Yet despite the cognitive maturity and complexity of knowledge required to induce an emotion like admiration for virtue, our recent study of the brain and psychophysiological correlates of experiencing this emotion revealed significant involvement of low-level brain systems responsible for the feeling of the gut and the maintenance of basic life regulation (Immordino-Yang, McColl, Damasio, & Damasio, 2009). These findings contribute an interesting jumping-off point for reexamining the educational study of motivation states because they suggest that, contrary to current conceptions in educational research, nonconscious, low-level physiological processes related to survival and bodily sensation may be critical contributors to intrinsic motivation.     

Daps,Dykes and Five Mile Hikes: Physical Education in Pupils' Folklore

abstract

This paper explores the relationship between the school and the body. It does so by considering the transfer from primary to secondary school. Analysing children's and young adult's stories about transfer reveals that physical education (PE), and more generally the body, are central to pupils’ anticipations and anxieties about the move to secondary school. The paper argues that the fears pupils express about the dangers associated with secondary school PE should be placed within the context of the transition to adulthood. Secondary school PE is an integral part of the status passage to adulthood, during which the recognition of the body as physical, social and sexual is central.

     

Shifting hegemony in ‘a man’s world’: incremental change for female golf professional employment

There is much evidence to suggest that the golf environment is unequal in terms of gender. This study puts this to the test by focusing on female golf professionals’ understanding of the barriers and opportunities to employment in the golf industry. Data were collected through a series of focus groups, interviews (n = 17) and a survey (n = 95) with female PGA professionals and trainee PGA professionals in Great Britain and Ireland, over half of whom indicated coaching as their primary employment role. At the time of data collection female PGA golf professionals made up less than 3% of all PGA professionals in Britain and Ireland. The data revealed some clear differences between older and younger respondents on barriers to, and opportunities for, employment in the golf industry. On the whole, younger professionals appeared more willing to challenge, discuss and confront the underlying discrimination. The results suggest that golf is undergoing an incremental change away from male hegemony.     

Film—General

INTRODUCTION TO FILM by Robert S. Withers (New York: Barnes & Noble, 1983---$6.95, paper)

OPPORTUNITIES IN FILM by Jan Bone (Available from VGM. Career Horizons, 4255 West Touhy Avenue, Lincolnwood, Illinois 60646-1975 for $5.95 paper or $7.95 hardcover)

CHARLIE CHAPLIN: A BIO-BIBLIOGRAPHY (227 pages, $35.00)

Karen M. Stoddard, SAINTS AND SHREWS: WOMEN AND AGING IN AMERICAN POPULAR FILM (174 pages, $27.95)

THE NEW LATIN AMERICAN CINEMA: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY (1983---$4.00, paper)

100th number of CINE CUBANO ($7.00)

The American Film Institute has begun (and ended) its Monograph series with four volumes. All are available from University Publications of America (44 North Market Street, Frederick, MD 21701; each is $25.00 in hardcover and $10.00 in paperback)

WOMEN AND FILM: BOTH SIDES OF THE CAMERA by E. Ann Kaplan (New York: Methuen, 1983---$10.95, paper)

ROLLING BREAKS AND OTHER MOVIE BUSINESS by Aljean Harmetz (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1983---$14.95)     

Cytokine responses to resistance training in people with multiple sclerosis

Exercise for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been shown to improve cardiovascular function, increase strength and endurance, and reduce fatigue. The impact of exercise on immune function in the disease, however, remains mostly unexplored. Ten female MS patients participated in an 8 week programme of twice-weekly progressive resistance training, with pre- and post-training assessment of serum concentrations of cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, CRP, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. After training, IL-4, IL-10, CRP and IFN-gamma showed statistically reduced resting concentrations in blood, while TNF-alpha showed non-significant reductions and IL-2 and IL-6 remained unchanged. These results suggest that progressive resistance training may have an impact on cytokine concentrations in individuals with MS and should be confirmed in studies with stronger statistical power. The impact of these changes on overall immune function in MS and on disease status and prognosis remains to be determined.     

First catch your indexer*

Indexes are essential for many learned publications, yet often overlooked because those responsible for the publications do not realize the value of an index or know how to commission one. This article provides basic guidelines for coping with indexes.     

Interpretations of Independent Learning in the Early Years Interpre´tations de l'Apprentissage Inde´pendant dans le Secteur des Tre ¤ s Jeunes Enfants Interpretaciones del Aprendizaje Independiente en la Edad Infantil Temprana

There is currently widespread interest in fostering 'independent learning' among young children. This paper reports research concerned with ways in which teachers, parents and young children themselves perceive and interpret this notion and how these perceptions influence classroom practice and planning for children's learning in the first few years of schooling. The research used structured interviews with 48 children aged between 3 and 7 years in nursery, reception, Year 1 and Year 2 classes and self-completion questionnaires with their parents and teachers. The main findings suggest that children's abilities to think and act independently are underestimated by teachers, particularly children at the older end of the age range under study. Children were found to become more teacher dependent, rather than less, during the first few years in school. A tension emerged between teachers' intention to foster independence and the constraints of the social, organisational and curricular context of early years classrooms. Actuellement l'encouragement de l'apprentissage indépendant chez les jeunes enfants est d'un intérêt répandu. Cette étude se concerne des perceptions et des interprétations de cette notion de la part des enseignants, des parents et des enfants eux-mêmes, ainsi que les effets de ces perceptions sur le programme des activités en classe pendant les premières années scolaires. Les recherches consistent en des intervues avec 48 enfants âgés de 3 à 7 ans dans les classes maternelles, 'réception' et de la 1ère et 2e années. Les parents et les enseignants de ces enfants ont rempli individuellement des questionnaires. Les résultats principaux suggèrent que la capabilité des enfants d'apprendre et de se conduire indépendamment est sérieusement sous-estimée par leurs enseignants, en particulier chez les enfants dans le secteur le plus âgé des élèves étudiés. On a trouvé que les enfants deviennent plus, plutôt que moins, dépendants des adultes au cours des premières années scolaires. Une tension se développe entre les intentions des enseignants d'encourager l'indépendance et les contraintes imposées sur les classes des plus jeunes enfants par les neécessités de la société, de l'organisation de l'école et du programme d'études. Actualmente existe un interés amplio en fomentar el 'aprendizaje independiente' entre los niños pequeños. Este artículo presenta investigación referida a la manera en que profesores, padres y los mismos niños pequeños perciben e interpretan este concepto, y cómo esta percepción influye en la practica pedagógica y en el planeamiento para el aprendizaje de niños en los primeros años escolares. La investigación fue realizada a través de entrevistas estructuradas con 48 niños de 3 a 7 años de edad en guarderías, 'recepción', y los años 1ro y 2do y por medio de cuestionarios individuales a sus padres y profesores. Las conclusiones principales sugieren que las abilidades de los niños para pensar y actuar de manera independiente son subestimadas por sus profesores, particularmente en el caso de los niños en la edad mayor de la escala estudiada. Se encontróque, en vez de menos, los niños se volvían mas dependientes de los profesores en los primeros años escolares. Un conflicto surgióentre la intención de los profesores de estimular la independencia y las limitaciones del contexto social, organizativo y curricular de las clases de los primeros años.     

Book Reviews

Towards Electronic Journals: Realities for Scientists, Librarians and Publishers by Carol Tenopir and Donald W. King. Washington, DC: SLA Publishing, 2000 Science Editing and Information Management edited by Connie J. Manson. USA: Geoscience Information Society, 1999. Pp. 118. Paperback, $25.00. ISBN 0‐934485‐30‐5 Futurize Your Enterprise: Business Strategy in the Age of the E‐Customer by David Siegel. Chichester: Wiley, 1999. Hardback, £19.50, ISBN 0‐471‐357634 The Impact of Electronic Publishing on the Academic Community (the Wenner–Gren International Series, Volume 73) edited by I. Butterworth. London: Portland Press 1998, Pp. 191. Price £75. ISBN 1‐85578‐122‐0 University Library Spending on Books and Journals: A Major Concern by Peter Sowden. Available from CAPP at the Publishers Association (1 Kingsway, London WC2B 6XF)