Effect of the look-up line on the gaze and head orientation of elite ice hockey players

Abstract

A “look-up line” (LUL) has been proposed for ice hockey, which is an orange 1?m (40′) warning line (WL) painted on the ice at the base of the boards. The LUL purports to provide an early warning to players to keep their head up prior to and as they are being checked. We determined if players looked up more on a rink with the LUL compared to a traditional Control rink. Elite offensive (O) and defensive (D) players competed 1 vs. 1, while wearing an eye tracker that recorded their quiet eye (QE) and fixation and tracking (F-T) and an electrogoniometer that measured head angle. External cameras recorded skate duration during four skate phases: P1 preparation, P2 decision-making, P3 cut to boards, P4 contact. The QE was the final fixation prior to contact between O and D as they skated towards and across the WL during P3 and P4. Skate phase durations (%) did not differ by rink or rink by position. More QE and F-T occurred on the WL on the LUL rink than on the Control. The expected increase in head angle on the LUL rink did not occur during P3 or P4. Post-hoc results also showed O and D skated further from the boards on the LUL rink, suggesting the players preferred to control the puck on white ice, rather than the orange colour of the LUL rink. More research is needed to determine if these results apply to the competitive setting.     

宋明仕宦对岭南文化的建构:以张九龄为中心

宋代以前,岭南一直被中原士人视为烟瘴荒蛮之地。宋明时期,岭南仕宦围绕张九龄这一历史文化资源,挖掘整理张九龄文集,建立祠庙,附会各种传说,阐释其忠孝两全、才华横溢的光辉形象,以此改变中原士人对岭南历史的刻板印象,树立岭南社会早在唐代已开化的新形象。     

论肖像画的诞生:一种现代性的视角

在中西方绘画史上,肖像画发展的程度截然不同,作为西方绘画主要类型的肖像画,在中国绘画史上却没有独立的位置。可以说,“肖像画的诞生”是一个现代性事件,只有足够成熟的现代化社会才能为其提供存在的普遍性条件——自主性精神。通过比较中西肖像画所植根的文化系统,可以展现肖像画作为现代性的文化表征所包含的双重性,它既显示了其所植根的那种普遍性的条件——文化现代性,同时也展示了现代性的自主化精神在艺术中的内在化——审美现代性。可以说,肖像画作为一个特殊的艺术门类,表征了普遍的现代性精神在文化和艺术中的同源共生。     

The Role of the Tutor in Asynchronous Discussion Boards: A Case Study of a Pre-Service Teacher Course

Based on a study conducted in a core module of the Postgraduate Diploma in Education programme at the National Institute of Education (Singapore), this paper provides an account of the perceptions and experiences of pre-service teachers on the roles of their tutors in the online discussion board. The research methods included a questionnaire survey, two focus group interviews and an analysis of the discussion records. The findings suggest that there are gaps between the experiences and perceptions of the pre-service teachers on the roles of their tutors. These identified gaps have various implications for the role of the online tutor in practice: setting meaningful tasks; guiding participants in the 'technicalities' of online discussion; participating actively in discussions by answering queries, providing feedback and posing conflicting views to elicit thinking/reflection; keeping the discussion focused; drawing conclusions and providing content expertise; and recommending resources for extension of learning.     

发挥图书馆在振兴老工业基地中的作用

本文针对黑龙江省老工业基地调整改造的主要内容,论述了图书馆如何利用其宣传、资源共享等作用,为我省老工业基地振兴做出贡献。     

意义建构理论要义评析

意义建构理论形成于20世纪60年代。该理论的核心内容是信息不连续性、人的主体性以及情境对信息渠道和信息内容选择的影响。