辽宁沿海经济带城市群体系结构的优化

研究了辽宁沿海经济带城市群.认为辽宁沿海城市群中,首位城市的极化作用较强,辐射作用不足;大城市资源、区位、规模相似度高,竞争程度强,内部损耗高;中等城市数量少,小城市规模过小,难以形成有效的聚合效应.应加强首位城市的辐射效应,建立合理的城市间产业分工,保持沟通渠道的有效畅通,形成层级式卫星互动结构.     

毕节试验区新一轮改革发展路径探析

科学选择试验区新一轮改革发展路径,要以前瞻性的思路、创新性的理念引领改革发展。在两年“明显变化”发展路径选择之初,就要积极探索实现五年“大见成效”的途径,并且为可持续发展奠定基础。根据“三大目标”及发展指标的要求,结合毕节试验区的资源禀赋状况、经济发展思路,从战略和战术两个层面进行设计。     

Effects of hypoxic exercise training on microRNA expression and lipid metabolism in obese rat livers

To investigate the effects of hypoxic exercise training on microRNA (miRNA) expression and the role of miRNA expression in regulating lipid metabolism, 20 dietary-induced obese SD rats were divided into a normoxic sedentary group (N, n=10) and a hypoxic exercise training group (H, n=10). After four weeks, measurements were taken of body weight, body length, fat mass, serum lipid concentration, miRNAs differentially expressed in rat liver, and gene and protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) in rat liver. Body weight, Lee’s index, fat mass, fat/weight ratio, and serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were all significantly lower in the H group than in the N group (P<0.01). Six miRNAs expressed significantly differently in the liver (P<0.05). Specifically, expression levels of miR-378b were significantly lower in the H group than in the N group (P<0.05). Compared with the normoxic sedentary group, hypoxic exercise training resulted in a lower ratio of FAS mRNA to CPT1A mRNA (P<0.05), as well as lower CPT1A protein levels (P<0.01), while a higher ratio of FAS to CPT1A protein levels (P<0.01) was observed. In conclusion, hypoxic training may elevate the resistance of high fat diet induced obesity in rats by reducing the expression of miR-378b, and decrease the fatty acid mitochondrial oxidation in obese rat livers by decreasing the protein expression of CPT1A and increasing the protein expression ratio of FAS/CPT1A.     

Streptomycin inhibits electrophysiological changes induced by stretching of chronically infarcted rat hearts

Objective

To investigate stretch-induced electrophysiological changes in chronically infarcted hearts and the effect of streptomycin (SM) on these changes in vivo.

Methods

Sixty Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups: a control group (n=15), an SM group (n=15), a myocardial infarction (MI) group (n=15), and an MI+SM group (n=15). Chronic MI was obtained by ligating the left anterior descending branch (LAD) of rat hearts for eight weeks. The in vivo blockade of stretch-activated ion channels (SACs) was achieved by intramuscular injection of SM (180 mg/(kg·d)) for seven days after operation. The hearts were stretched for 5 s by occlusion of the aortic arch. Suction electrodes were placed on the anterior wall of left ventricle to record the monophasic action potential (MAP). The effect of stretching was examined by assessing the 90% monophasic action potential duration (MAPD₉₀), premature ventricular beats (PVBs), and ventricular tachycardia (VT).

Results

The MAPD₉₀ decreased during stretching in both the control (from (50.27±5.61) ms to (46.27±4.51) ms, P<0.05) and MI groups (from (65.47±6.38) ms to (57.47±5.76 ms), P<0.01). SM inhibited the decrease in MAPD₉₀ during inflation ((46.27±4.51) ms vs. (49.53±3.52) ms, P<0.05 in normal hearts; (57.47±5.76) ms vs. (61.87±5.33) ms, P<0.05 in MI hearts). The occurrence of PVBs and VT in the MI group increased compared with that in the control group (PVB: 7.93±1.66 vs. 1.80±0.86, P<0.01; VT: 7 vs. 1, P<0.05). SM decreased the occurrence of PVBs in both normal and MI hearts (0.93±0.59 vs. 1.80±0.86 in normal hearts, P<0.05; 5.40±1.18 vs. 7.93±1.66 in MI hearts, P<0.01).

Conclusions

Stretch-induced MAPD₉₀ changes and arrhythmias were observed in chronically infarcted myocardium. The use of SM in vivo decreased the incidence of PVBs but not of VT. This suggests that SACs may be involved in mechanoelectric feedback (MEF), but that there might be other mechanisms involved in causing VT in chronic MI.     

Charlson合并症指数对2型糖尿病肾病死亡率预测作用的研究(英文)

研究目的:探讨Charlson合并症指数(CCI)对2型糖尿病肾病死亡率的预测作用。研究方法:建立2型糖尿病肾病研究队列,根据CCI评分将患者合并症的严重程度分为三度:轻度(CCI1–2分)、中度(CCI 3–4分)、重度(CCI≥5分)。将影响死亡率的因素及按CCI分层后的组间差异指标进行Logistic回归分析及方差分析(ANOVA)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析CCI指数对生存时间及死亡率的影响。重要结论:533例2型糖尿病肾病患者纳入研究。所有患者的CCI评分均大于1,44.7%(238/533)的患者死亡。患者的死亡率随CCI评分增加而增加,CCI 1–2分患者的死亡率为21.0%(50/238),CCI 3–4分患者的死亡率为56.7%(135/238),CCI≥5分患者的死亡率为22.3%(53/238)。Logistic回归分析显示CCI评分、血红蛋白和血浆白蛋白水平是患者死亡率的预测因子(P0.05)。方差分析结果显示,与CCI评分相对较低的患者相比,CCI评分越高的患者其血红蛋白水平较低,而血清肌酐较高,死亡率也更高。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示CCI评分越高的患者生存时间越短。CCI评分是一种简单易行且实用的评估疾病合并症的方法,可用于预测2型糖尿病肾病患者的死亡率。关注2型糖尿病肾病患者的合并症将有利于早期、有效治疗及改善预后。     

高校艺术类学生干部日常工作中自我效能感研究

艺术类学生的教育管理工作一直以来都是全国高校学生工作中具有共性的难点.而学生干部作为辅导员日常学生工作的得力助手,其队伍的建设对有效开展学生工作具有重要的意义.通过对艺术类学生干部日常工作中自我效能感的现状进行实证研究,剖析成因,提出培养艺术类学生干部工作自我效能感的三大策略.     

基于建构主义的新生研讨课教学探索

基于建构主义教学观,结合大学新生研讨课教学实际,就一种以问题为焦点开展教学的方法展开探讨,说明了该方法下教学目标、特点、过程和教学体会,指出了基于建构主义思想的问题驱动式教学法能够促进新生研讨课中学生的思考、参与和知识掌握,提升教学效果,但也对学习环境、学习方法、教师素质提出了新的要求。     

评点的“再生”功能与《水浒传》的经典化

明清章回小说之所以形成自身特有的面貌并成为经典,得益于小说"评"、"改"一体的形成方式,这一现象是评点这一文学批评形式对小说文本的"再生"。在《水浒传》诸多版本中,双峰堂刻本、容与堂刻本、袁无涯刻本和贯华堂刻本的评点者都是在改写小说的基础上对小说进行评点,并在不同层面上促进了《水浒传》经典化的过程。     

运用气相色谱-嗅觉测量法和气质联用法分析三个桂花品种的香气活性物质(英文)

研究目的:分析不同桂花品种感官评价差异所对应的香气成分,及其有贡献的香气活性物质,为桂花的生物科学应用提供依据。创新要点:首次运用气相色谱-嗅觉测量法(GC-O)结合气质联用法(GC-MS)对所分离的挥发性物质进行定性和半定量分析,并同时结合其气味描述,分析不同桂花品种的香气活性物质特征。本研究还根据所检测的香气活性物质的气味特征对香气活性物质进行分组,能更直观地分析桂花不同品种香气差异的原因。研究方法:(1)运用GC-MS对三个桂花品种的挥发性物质进行定性和半定量的比较分析(见表1);(2)运用GC-O对三个桂花品种香气活性物质进行比较分析(见表2);(3)对香气活性物质进行分组,探究不同桂花品种的香气差异原因(见表3和图2)。重要结论:(1)GC-O结合GC-MS分析所得香气活性物质并非都是含量较高的挥发性物质,有些含量较低的挥发性物质也对桂花香气形成有贡献;(2)不同桂花品种的香气差异是由不同香气分组以及香气活性物质强度不同所致。